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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce




    For every complex question, there's a simple answer that's completely wrong.
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    Hubble Makes First Measurements of Earth-Sized Exoplanet Atmospheres
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XV0UE5Gb_Y
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    Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System: NASA's Hubble Telescope makes first atmospheric study of Earth-sized exoplanets
    https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/...le-telescope-makes-first-atmospheric-study-of-earth-sized-exoplanets/
    Using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have conducted the first search for atmospheres around temperate, Earth-sized
    planets beyond our solar system and found indications that increase the chances of habitability on two exoplanets.

    Specifically, they discovered that the exoplanets TRAPPIST-1b and TRAPPIST-1c, approximately 40 light-years away, are unlikely
    to have puffy, hydrogen-dominated atmospheres usually found on gaseous worlds.

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    Significant Incidents and Close Calls in Human Spaceflight
    Home
    http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/outreach/SignificantIncidents/index.html
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    BepiColombo mission to Mercury on track for April 2018 launch
    http://phys.org/news/2016-07-bepicolombo-mission-mercury-track-april.html
    Humanity's next visitor to the solar system's innermost planet remains on track for April 2018, according to the project's scientist. The BepiColombo mission,
    being developed jointly by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), is currently ahead of final acceptance tests that
    will prepare it for shipment to the launch site.

    "BepiColombo is on track for launch in 2018. At the moment we are preparing for some final acceptance tests. On our 'Mercury Transport Module' (MTM) we need to
    finish the installation of some late deliveries and then the module has to undergo a thermal verification and thermal balance test. This is to prove that the
    thermal shielding of this spacecraft module works as predicted by the models," Johannes Benkhoff, BepiColombo project scientist at ESA, told Astrowatch.net.

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    New dwarf planet beyond Pluto hints at no Planet Nine — Starts With A Bang! — Medium
    https://medium.com/.../new-dwarf-planet-beyond-pluto-hints-at-no-planet-nine-861e88c60e43#.c84p484aa
    New dwarf planet beyond Pluto hints at no Planet Nine
    If you thought the Kuiper belt was just icy worlds of various sizes orbiting like Pluto, think again.

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    Here’s how the world could end—and what we can do about it | Science | AAAS
    http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/07/here-s-how-world-could-end-and-what-we-can-do-about-it
    In a dingy apartment building, insulated by layers of hanging rugs, the last family on Earth huddles around a fire, melting a pot of oxygen.
    Ripped from the sun’s warmth by a rogue dark star, the planet has been exiled to the cold outer reaches of the solar system. The lone clan
    of survivors must venture out into the endless night to harvest frozen atmospheric gases that have piled up like snow.

    As end-of-humanity scenarios go, that bleak vision from Fritz Leiber’s 1951 short story “A Pail of Air” is a fairly remote possibility. Scholars
    who ponder such things think a self-induced catastrophe such as nuclear war or a bioengineered pandemic is most likely to do us in. However,
    a number of other extreme natural hazards—including threats from space and geologic upheavals here on Earth—could still derail life as we
    know it, unraveling advanced civilization, wiping out billions of people, or potentially even exterminating our species.

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    A Debate Over The Physics Of Time | Quanta Magazine
    https://www.quantamagazine.org/20160719-time-and-cosmology/
    According to our best theories of physics, the universe is a fixed block where time only appears to pass.
    Yet a number of physicists hope to replace this “block universe” with a physical theory of time.
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    Oxygen-starved oceans held back life's recovery after Great Dying, Stanford researchers find
    http://news.stanford.edu/2016/02/17/anoxia-ocean-life-021716/
    Oxygen-starved oceans held back life's recovery after the Great Dying, Stanford researchers find
    Analysis of ancient seabed rocks from disparate locations reveal that life did not rebound until anoxia had fully ebbed.

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    If the agency wants to search for and analyze Earth-like planets in other solar systems, the telescope it designs and builds
    will have to be orders of magnitude more stable than anything launched to date, including the James Webb Space Telescope.
    - Babak Saif, NASA Goddard optics specialist

    Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System: The next generation of telescopes are almost impossibly accurate
    https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/...371/the-next-generation-of-telescopes-are-almost-impossibly-accurate/

    A direct, to-scale, comparison between the primary mirrors of the Hubble Space Telescope,
    James Webb Space Telescope, and the proposed High Definition Space Telescope (HDST).

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    Eeeech...
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    Some earthquakes on San Andreas Fault triggered by gravitational tug of sun and moon | Geology Page
    http://www.geologypage.com/2016/07/some-earthquakes-on-san-andreas-fault.html
    The gravitational tug between the sun and moon is not just a dance of high and low tides:
    It can also trigger a special kind of earthquake on the San Andreas Fault.

    This phenomenon has fascinated scientists for years. Like sea levels, the surface of the Earth also goes up and down with the tides,
    flexing the crust and stressing the faults inside. Further study found that during certain phases of the tidal cycle, small tremors
    deep underground - known as low-frequency earthquakes - were more likely to occur.

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    70 Years Ago, the U.S. Military Set Off a Nuke Underwater, And It Went Very Badly | Atlas Obscura
    http://www.atlasobscura.com/...-ago-the-us-military-set-off-a-nuke-underwater-and-it-went-very-badly
    70 Years Ago, the U.S. Military Set Off a Nuke Underwater, And It Went Very Badly
    Then they tried it four more times.

    Operation Crossroads (Baker Event 1946)
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=JvjmsU48TSc
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    Hi-C to Show the Sun’s Corona in Sharp Detail | NASA
    http://www.nasa.gov/...ll/news/news/releases/2016/hi-c-to-show-the-sun-s-corona-in-sharp-detail.html
    Update ( 3 p.m. EDT, July 19, 2016) – The launch of the Hi-C payload on a NASA Black Brant IX suborbital sounding rocket has been postponed. A new launch
    date has not been determined. The team discovered a potential payload system issue during pre-launch testing. The team is currently assessing the problem.

    NASA and its partners are getting ready to launch a rocket-borne camera to the edge of space at 12:36 p.m. Mountain time on July 19, 2016, on its second
    flight to study the sun. The clarity of images returned will provide scientists around the world with clues to one of the biggest questions in heliophysics
    – why the sun’s atmosphere, or corona, is so much hotter than its surface.
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    Planet Nine may have tilted entire solar system except the sun | New Scientist
    https://www.newscientist.com/...8029-planet-nine-may-have-tilted-entire-solar-system-except-the-sun/
    A jealous Planet Nine may have shoved its siblings for attention. If a massive ninth planet
    exists in our solar system, it might explain why the planets are out of line with the sun.

    The eight major planets still circle the sun in the original plane of their birth. The sun
    rotates on its own axis, but surprisingly, that spin is tilted: the axis lies at an angle of
    6 degrees relative to a line perpendicular to the plane of the planets.

    The inclination of the planetary system relative to the solar equator may be explained by the presence of Planet 9
    http://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.05111.pdf

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    https://www.scientificamerican.com/...-in-space-could-explain-mysterious-cold-spot-in-the-universe/
    To glimpse the oldest light in the universe, simply tune an old television between channels: the tiny specs dancing on the screen result from the antenna
    being bombarded relentlessly by photons that were emitted shortly after the big bang, some 13.8 billion years ago. These photons fly uniformly through space
    from all directions, with an average temperature of 2.7 kelvins (°455 degrees Fahrenheit), composing a cloud of radiation called the cosmic microwave background
    (CMB). Because these photons are so old, the familiar two-dimensional map of the CMB is often called a “baby picture” of the universe, providing a window back
    into the primordial conditions that created the cosmos we see around us today.

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    Attempt to explain away ‘dark energy’ takes a hit | Science | AAAS
    http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/07/attempt-explain-away-dark-energy-takes-hit
    For nearly 20 years, physicists have known that the expansion of the universe has begun to speed up.
    This bizarre acceleration could arise because some form of mysterious dark energy is stretching space.
    Or, it could signal that physicists' understanding of gravity isn't quite right. But a new study puts
    the screws on a broad class of alternative theories of gravity, making it that much harder to explain
    away dark energy.

    The study is also path setting because it exploits an effect called weak lensing in which the gravity
    from closer galaxies distorts the images of more distant ones. "That's the future," says Bob Nichol,
    an observational cosmologist at the University of Portsmouth in the United Kingdom who was not involved
    in the study. "If you look to the next decade, there's going to be an explosion of this data."

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    Stanford, SLAC X-ray Studies Could Help Make LIGO Gravitational Wave Detector 10 Times More Sensitive | SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
    http://media.slac.stanford.edu/...elp-make-ligo-gravitational-wave-detector-10-times-more-sensitive/
    Stanford, SLAC X-ray Studies Could Help Make LIGO Gravitational Wave Detector 10 Times More Sensitive
    The Goal is to Develop High-tech Coatings that Make Detector’s Mirrors Less ‘Noisy’

    cientists from Stanford University and the Department of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory are using powerful X-rays
    to study high-performance mirror coatings that could help make the LIGO gravitational wave observatory 10 times more sensitive to
    cosmic events that ripple space-time.

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    Retro koutek:
    The Scale Of The Universe Through The Powers Of Ten - The Evolving Planet
    http://www.theevolvingplanet.com/thescaleoftheuniversethroughthepowersoften/
    In 1968, husband and wife team Charles and Ray Eames created “Powers of Ten”,
    an educational short film influenced by the 1957 book by Kees Boeke, Cosmic View:
    The Universe in Forty Jumps. This famous film was one the first video’s, if not
    the very first, to put the observable universe into perspective.

    Powers of Ten™ (1977)
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fKBhvDjuy0
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