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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Debaty neutichají...
    https://mystudentvoices.com/turns-out-earth-isnt-a-planet-c06f5208d36e

    It turns out that Earth is not a planet. Asteroid 2016 H03, first spotted on April 27, 2016, by the Pan-STARRS 1
    asteroid survey telescope on Haleakala, Hawaii, is a companion of Earth, too distant to be considered a true satellite.

    Asteroid 2016 H03 is proof that Earth has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit. Therefore, under the definition
    of a planet vigorously defended by the IAU since the adoption of Resolution 5A on August 24, 2006, Earth is a ‘dwarf planet’
    because it has not cleared its orbit, which is the only one of the criteria of their definition that Pluto fails. (I think
    we’ll eventually discover that very few of the ‘planets’ have cleared their orbits).

    VIRGO
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    A New Era in Astronomy: NASA's James Webb Space Telescope
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S4td1hZLP8w


    An Inside Look at NASA's Webb Telescope Art Exhibit
    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/an-inside-look-at-nasas-webb-telescope-art-exhibit

    VIRGO
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    Rethinking the habitable zone | Astronomy.com
    http://astronomy.com/news/2017/03/rethinking-the-habitable-zone

    Water, water, everywhere, and this is what it means for the search for alien life.
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    2017 Isaac Asimov Memorial Debate: De-Extinction
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_LnAtMeSVeY


    Lawrence Krauss & Aomawa Shields - The Search for Habitable Planets and Life Beyond the Solar System
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RyNZ7LjaOI8
    VIRGO
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    Murray Buttes (Revisited)

    A simple cropped mosaic of two right-side mast camera images featuring some stratigraphic exposures that are located on top of this ~10 meter-high
    by 116 meter long Mesa (large butte). These sandstone Mesa's / Buttes were formed from lithified sand dunes (part of the Stimson geological unit).
    The base images were acquired on mission Sol 1450, 04 September 2016 at Site# 57/1942 after a ~78 meter drive on Sol 1448. The mosaic is centered on
    the North-northeast. I have added a one-meter scale bar using AlgorimancerPG. The mosaic was assembled using Microsoft Image Composite Editor (MS ICE)

    While these buttes on lower Mount Sharp are beautiful, they posed a real challenge to communications with Earth, as they were partially occluding
    communications between the rover and the orbiting satellites that they used to relay data (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Odyssey). This location
    was a typical example of that challenge, as not all the images required to conduct a drive were downlinked on time to plan the drive safely. Fortuitously
    (for us) because they could not plan that drive, they decided to command the rover to acquire a full left-side mast camera 360 degree colour panorama
    as well as selected images with the right-side mast camera, including these wonderful frames. By Paul Hammond

    https://www.flickr.com/photos/105796482@N04/33683592091/sizes/l/

    VIRGO
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    Comet C/2017 E4 Lovejoy: an awesome movie (03 Apr. 2017) - The Virtual Telescope Project 2.0
    http://www.virtualtelescope.eu/2017/04/03/comet-c2017-e4-lovejoy-awesome-movie-03-apr-2017/



    Comet C/2017 E4 Lovejoy
    http://spaceweathergallery.com/indiv_upload.php?upload_id=134502

    JULIANNE
    JULIANNE --- ---
    Jak (ne)získat Nobelovu cenu, rozpoznávat detaily chemického složení malých vzorků jakéhokoli skupenství a pátrat po životě na jiných tělesech: příběh Ramanovy spektroskopie.

    Seminář z Astrobiologie 2017/4 - Vladimír Kopecký: Co je zač Ramanova spektroskopie?
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afhtmlewR2s
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    !!!
    Reminder: Tomorrow, April 4 at 3 PM EDT / 7 PM GMT / 21h CEST
    A look at the beginning of Cassini's final mission segment, known as the Grand Finale

    The panelists for the briefing are:

    Jim Green, director of NASA’s PSD in Washington
    Earl Maize, Cassini project manager at JPL
    Linda Spilker, Cassini project scientist at JPL
    Joan Stupik, Cassini guidance and control engineer at JPL

    https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-preview-grand-finale-of-cassini-saturn-mission

    VIRGO
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    Alien aurorae on Uranus | ESA/Hubble
    http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1714a/

    The alien aurorae on Jupiter and Saturn are well-studied, but not much is known about the aurorae of the giant ice planet Uranus. In 2011,
    the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope became the first Earth-based telescope to snap an image of the aurorae on Uranus. In 2012 and 2014 astronomers
    took a second look at the aurorae using the ultraviolet capabilities of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) installed on Hubble.

    This is a composite image of Uranus by Voyager 2 and two different observations made by Hubble — one for the ring and one for the aurorae.

    VIRGO
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    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-horizons-halfway-from-pluto-to-next-flyby-target

    Continuing on its path through the outer regions of the solar system, NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft has now traveled half the distance from Pluto –
    its storied first target – to 2014 MU69, the Kuiper Belt object (KBO) it will fly past on Jan. 1, 2019. The spacecraft reached that milestone at midnight
    (UTC) on April 3 – or 8 p.m. ET on April 2 – when it was 486.19 million miles (782.45 million kilometers) beyond Pluto and the same distance from MU69.

    “It’s fantastic to have completed half the journey to our next flyby; that flyby will set the record for the most distant world ever explored
    in the history of civilization,” said Alan Stern, New Horizons principal investigator from the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado.

    Later this week – at 21:24 UTC (or 5:24 p.m. ET) on April 7 – New Horizons will also reach the halfway point in time between closest approaches to Pluto,
    which occurred at 7:48 a.m. ET on July 14, 2015, and MU69, predicted for 2 a.m. ET on New Year’s Day 2019. The nearly five-day difference between the halfway
    markers of distance and time is due to the gravitational tug of the sun. The spacecraft is actually getting slightly slower as it pulls away from the sun’s
    gravity, so the spacecraft crosses the midpoint in distance a bit before it passes the midpoint in time.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    !! (JULIANNE)
    The Magma Ocean and Us – Many Worlds
    http://www.manyworlds.space/index.php/2017/03/29/the-magma-ocean-and-us/

    In the late stages of the formation of Earth, the planet was a brutally hot, rough place.
    But perhaps not precisely in the way you might imagine.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jpl/pia20530/sliver-of-saturn

    This view looks toward the unilluminated side of the rings from about 7 degrees below the ring plane.
    The image was taken in green light with the Cassini spacecraft wide-angle camera on Jan. 18, 2017.

    The view was acquired at a distance of approximately 1 million kilometers from Saturn. Image scale is 61 kilometers per pixel.

    VIRGO
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    Portrait of a black hole | Max Planck Society
    https://www.mpg.de/11201633/event-horizon-telescope-iram

    IRAM’s 30-metre dish is part of the Event Horizon Telescope which is looking into the centre of the Milky Way

    Astronomers want to record an image of the heart of our galaxy for the first time: a global collaboration of radio dishes is to take a detailed look
    at the black hole which is assumed to be located there. This Event Horizon Telescope links observatories all over the world to form a huge telescope,
    from Europe via Chile and Hawaii right down to the South Pole. IRAM’s 30-metre telescope, an installation co-financed by the Max Planck Society, is
    the only station in Europe to be participating in the observation campaign. The Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy is also involved with
    the measurements, which are to run from 4 to 14 April initially.

    IRAM 30-meter telescope by DiVertiCimes
    https://vimeo.com/182366965
    VIRGO
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    ASTRONOMERS FIND ORBIT OF MARS HOSTS REMAINS OF ANCIENT MINI-PLANETS
    Armagh Observatory
    http://star.arm.ac.uk/press/2017/mars_trojans_pr.html

    Armagh Observatory and Planetarium, 31st March 2017: The planet Mars shares its orbit with a handful of small asteroids, the so-called Trojans.
    Now an international team of astronomers using the Very Large Telescope in Chile have found that most of these objects share a common composition;
    they are likely the remains of a mini-planet that was destroyed by a collision long ago. The findings are reported in a paper to appear in Monthly
    Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society in April.

    Trojan asteroids move in orbits with the same average distance from the Sun as a planet, trapped within gravitational "safe havens" 60 degrees in
    front of and behind the planet. The special significance of these locations was worked out by 18th century French Mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange.
    In his honour, they are now known as "Lagrange points"; the point leading the planet is L4; that trailing the planet is L5.

    VIRGO
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    Mysterious bursts do come from outer space | 3 Apr 2017 | Swinburne news
    http://www.swinburne.edu.au/...news/2017/04/mysterious-bursts-of-energy-do-come-from-outer-space.php

    Fast Radio Bursts present one of modern astronomy’s greatest mysteries: what or who in the Universe is transmitting short bursts of radio energy across the cosmos?

    Manisha Caleb, a PhD candidate at Australian National University, Swinburne University of Technology and the ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics
    (CAASTRO), has confirmed that the mystery bursts of radio waves that astronomers have hunted for ten years really do come from outer space.

    Ms Caleb worked with Swinburne and University of Sydney colleagues to detect three of these Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) with the Molonglo radio telescope 40 km from Canberra.

    Discovered almost 10 years ago at CSIRO’s Parkes radio telescope, Fast Radio Bursts are millisecond-duration intense pulses of radio light that appear to be coming from
    vast distances. They are about a billion times more luminous than anything we have ever seen in our own Milky Way galaxy.

    One potential explanation of the mystery is that they weren’t really coming from outer space, but were some form of local interference tricking astronomers into searching
    for new theories of their ‘impossible’ radio energy.

    “Perhaps the most bizarre explanation for the FRBs is that they were alien transmissions,” says ARC Laureate Fellow Professor Matthew Bailes from Swinburne.

    VIRGO
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    New slowly evolving Type Ibn supernova discovered
    https://phys.org/news/2017-04-slowly-evolving-ibn-supernova.html

    An international team of astronomers has detected a new slowly evolving Type Ibn supernova as part of the Optical Gravitational
    Lensing Experiment (OGLE). The new event, designated OGLE-2014-SN-13, has the longest rise time ever observed in Type Ibn supernovae.
    The discovery is described in a paper published Mar. 23 on the arXiv pre-print server.

    VIRGO
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    Dark matter may explain the very nature of how galaxies form | WIRED UK
    http://www.wired.co.uk/article/hunt-dark-matter

    The search for the dark matter particle has consistently drawn up blanks, but now physicists are edging closer

    VIRGO
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    Here's How We Colonize Space | Big Think
    http://bigthink.com/paul-ratner/heres-how-we-colonize-space

    A new study on the future of space stations and space colonies was recently published in the journal Reach,
    a publication focused on human space exploration. The paper was written by Werner Grandl, an Austrian architect
    and civil engineer, who has been researching and publishing studies on space colonies and space stations since 1986.

    Grandl provides a clear imperative for the humans to go to space, calling planet Earth "just the cradle of mankind.”
    According to Grandl, if we want to survive as a species, we need to “stretch the concept of nature beyond the biosphere”
    and understand “cosmic evolution”. And within that larger cosmic view, there is no reason to stay put on Earth, with all
    its dangers and scarcities.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Panorama from NASA's Opportunity rover on March 28, 2017, hand-colored and adjusted for "true color"

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