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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Device pulls water from dry air, powered only by the sun
    https://phys.org/news/2017-04-device-air-powered-sun.html

    The solar-powered harvester, reported in the journal Science, was constructed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    using a special material - a metal-organic framework, or MOF - produced at the University of California, Berkeley.

    "This is a major breakthrough in the long-standing challenge of harvesting water from the air at low humidity," said Omar Yaghi,
    one of two senior authors of the paper, who holds the James and Neeltje Tretter chair in chemistry at UC Berkeley and is a faculty
    scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. "There is no other way to do that right now, except by using extra energy.
    Your electric dehumidifier at home 'produces' very expensive water."

    The prototype, under conditions of 20-30 percent humidity, was able to pull 2.8 liters (3 quarts) of water from the air over a 12-
    hour period, using one kilogram (2.2 pounds) of MOF. Rooftop tests at MIT confirmed that the device works in real-world conditions.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    VIRGO
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    LIGO Scientific Collaboration - The science of LSC research
    http://www.ligo.org/science/Publication-O1SidebandScoX1/index.php

    In 2015 the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) detected gravitational waves from merging black holes
    (GW150914 and GW151226) during its first observing run. Although these signals originated from distances of more than a billion light
    years, they were loud enough to be successfully detected despite being within LIGO's frequency band for less than a second immediately
    before the black holes' catastrophic collision. We describe such short-lived signals as 'transient'.

    We are also searching for quieter but long-lasting gravitational waves from another kind of source that can be much closer to us:
    a rapidly spinning neutron star featuring a small distortion, which is not symmetric as it rotates, is a possible source of continuous
    gravitational waves. Although sources like this are expected to be very weak, the resulting gravitational-wave signals that they produce
    are persistent, so that prolonged measurements can try to extract these periodic signals from the randomly varying noise background.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    This Atlas image was taken on 2017-04-12 13:28 (UTC) and received on Earth 2017-04-13 17:33 (UTC).
    The camera was pointing toward Atlas, and the image was taken using the CL1 and GRN filters.

    Cassini: Mission to Saturn: Image of Atlas
    https://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/raw_images/411315/

    VIRGO
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    https://www.nasa.gov/...ase/nasa-missions-provide-new-insights-into-ocean-worlds-in-our-solar-system

    Two veteran NASA missions are providing new details about icy, ocean-bearing moons of Jupiter and Saturn, further heightening the scientific interest of these and other
    "ocean worlds" in our solar system and beyond. The findings are presented in papers published Thursday by researchers with NASA’s Cassini mission to Saturn and Hubble
    Space Telescope. In the papers, Cassini scientists announce that a form of chemical energy that life can feed on appears to exist on Saturn's moon Enceladus, and Hubble
    researchers report additional evidence of plumes erupting from Jupiter's moon Europa.

    “This is the closest we've come, so far, to identifying a place with some of the ingredients needed for a habitable environment,” said Thomas Zurbuchen, associate
    administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate at Headquarters in Washington. ”These results demonstrate the interconnected nature of NASA's science missions
    that are getting us closer to answering whether we are indeed alone or not.”

    The paper from researchers with the Cassini mission, published in the journal Science, indicates hydrogen gas, which could potentially provide a chemical energy
    source for life, is pouring into the subsurface ocean of Enceladus from hydrothermal activity on the seafloor.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Europa Water Vapor Plumes - More Hubble Evidence
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASTxU-nSMK4
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Collisions generate gas in debris disks
    https://phys.org/news/2017-04-collisions-gas-debris-disks.html

    By examining the atomic carbon line from two young star systems—49 Ceti and Beta Pictoris—researchers had found atomic carbon
    in the disk, the first time this observation has been made at sub-millimeter wavelength, hinting that the gas in debris disks
    is not primordial, but rather is generated from some process of collisions taking place in the debris disk.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Remedy to “Glitch” Size Anomaly | astrobites
    https://astrobites.org/2017/04/11/remedy-to-glitch-size-anomaly/

    Rotating neutron stars (pulsars) can “spin-up”, or suddenly increase their rotation frequency, in an event called a glitch.
    There is a scarcity of glitch observations, meaning that drawing statistical conclusions must be done with caution! Nevertheless,
    some of the observed properties of glitches are quite curious. In general, the distributions of observed glitch sizes are a power
    law (which would be consistent with the microscopic mechanisms believed to cause the glitches). However, the Vela pulsar, for
    example, typically has large glitches which occur fairly periodically, while recent analysis of the Crab pulsar indicates there
    is a deviation from a power law distribution for smaller glitch sizes. This paper tackles this discrepancy by showing that these
    deviations from power law distributions can be explained naturally, using a carefully chosen model that bridges microscopic and
    macroscopic scales.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Future NASA news: "A Search for Methane, Ammonia, and Water on Two Habitable Zone Super-Earths"

    http://www.stsci.edu/hst/phase2-public/14682.pro
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Ježišku, simtě, ať se toho dožiju... :)



    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Wooow!!
    France, Japan aim to land probe on Mars moon
    https://phys.org/news/2017-04-france-japan-aim-probe-mars.html

    France and Japan want to recover pieces of a Martian Moon and bring them back to Earth, the head of France's National Centre for Space Studies (CNES) said Thursday.

    The Martian Moons Exploration project would launch a probe in 2024 destined for Phobos, the largest and closest of two moons circling the Red Planet.

    Paris and Tokyo signed a preliminary agreement on Monday, and will make a final decision before the end of the year, CNES president Jean-Yves Le Gall told AFP.
    "It's a very important mission because—besides the Moon—it would be the first time samples from the satellite of a planet would be brought back to Earth,"
    he said by phone. Slightly egg-shaped, Phobos is 27 kilometres (17 miles) in diametre from end-to-end.
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Before being named, minor planets (including asteroids) receive a provisional designation. Have you ever wondered how this designation is chosen?

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Astronomers piece together first image of black hole
    https://phys.org/news/2017-04-astronomers-piece-image-black-hole.html

    After training a network of telescopes stretching from Hawaii to Antarctica to Spain at the heart of our galaxy for five nights running,
    astronomers said Wednesday they may have snapped the first-ever picture of a black hole.

    It will take months to develop the image, but if scientists succeed the results may help peel back mysteries about what the universe is
    made of and how it came into being.

    "Instead of building a telescope so big that it would probably collapse under its own weight, we combined eight observatories like the pieces
    of a giant mirror," said Michael Bremer, an astronomer at the International Research Institute for Radio Astronomy (IRAM) and a project manager
    for the Event Horizon Telescope.

    "This gave us a virtual telescope as big as Earth—about 10,000 kilometres (6,200 miles) is diameter," he told AFP.

    The bigger the telescope, the finer the resolution and level of detail.

    The targeted supermassive black hole is hidden in plain sight, lurking in the centre of the Milky Way in a region called the Sagittarius
    constellation, some 26,000 light years from Earth.

    Dubbed Sagittarius A* (Sgr A* for short), the gravity- and light-sucking monster weighs as much as four million Suns.

    Theoretical astronomy tells us when a black hole absorbs matter—planets, debris, anything that comes too close—a brief flash of light is visible.
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Cassini finds molecular hydrogen in the Enceladus plume: Evidence for hydrothermal processes | Science
    http://science.sciencemag.org/content/356/6334/155

    Saturn’s moon Enceladus has an ice-covered ocean; a plume of material erupts from cracks in the ice. The plume contains chemical signatures
    of water-rock interaction between the ocean and a rocky core. We used the Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer onboard the Cassini spacecraft to detect
    molecular hydrogen in the plume. By using the instrument’s open-source mode, background processes of hydrogen production in the instrument were
    minimized and quantified, enabling the identification of a statistically significant signal of hydrogen native to Enceladus. We find that the most
    plausible source of this hydrogen is ongoing hydrothermal reactions of rock containing reduced minerals and organic materials. The relatively
    high hydrogen abundance in the plume signals thermodynamic disequilibrium that favors the formation of methane from CO2 in Enceladus’ ocean.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Tak hobluj!

    NASA TV Public-Education
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UdmHHpAsMVw
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Fossils or good-looking rocks? Why searching for life on other worlds is hard | The Planetary Society
    http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/2017/20170413-fossils-or-good-looking-looks.html

    If you find a structure that looks like ancient life, can you be really sure that it is ancient life? Well, if you stumble upon a mammoth skull
    or a rabbit skeleton with all the correct anatomical features, then that is pretty compelling evidence. But it’s harder to identify older life—
    much older life—that existed long before anything close to mammoths or rabbits.

    Three or four billion years ago, the early inhabitants of our planet were tiny, primitive microorganisms. Their fossilized remains are
    rather unremarkable—simple elongated blobs imprinted in the rocks—but they provide extremely rare and precious information about early Earth.

    But not every blob turns out to be a former living creature. As such, each one of these microstructures poses an important dilemma: Is it
    a genuine, biogenic fossil? Or a deceptively “good-looking rock”?

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    We May Be Able to Build a Rocket That Can Go 99.999% the Speed of Light
    https://futurism.com/we-may-be-able-to-build-a-rocket-that-can-go-99-999-the-speed-of-light/

    A professor has proposed a mathematical theory that could allow us to one day
    build a photon rocket that can reach at 99.999 percent of the speed of light.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    See a Potentially Hazardous Asteroid From Your Backyard - Sky & Telescope
    http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/see-a-potentially-hazardous-asteroid-from-your-backyard/

    Get ready for 2014 JO25, the biggest asteroid to fly this close to Earth since 2004. Good news — even a 3-inch telescope will show it!

    Every week, a handful of new Earth-approaching asteroids are caught in a net of robotic telescopes and join the ranks of nearly 16,000 other fly-by-
    night space boulders. Among their number is one 2014 JO25, discovered in May 2014 by astronomers at the Catalina Sky Survey (CSS) near Tucson, Arizona.

    Because of its size and proximity, it will be bright enough to spot in a small, backyard telescope and moving fast enough to see in real time.

    Asteroid 2014 JO25
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cItnmeZGxZM
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Bright fireball over South Carolina
    https://watchers.news/2017/04/13/bright-fireball-over-south-carolina/

    A bright, long-lasting fireball was seen across the sky over South Carolina at 00:45 UTC on April 13, 2017 (20:45 EDT,
    April 12). Witnesses described a bright, white light lasting for about 10 seconds. Many said the object left a long tail.

    The event was seen primarily from South Carolina but people from Georgia, Florida, Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky,
    Tennesee, and Alabama also reported seeing the fireball.

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