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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Dnes jdeme do 3. kola!

    Grand Finale ring dive No. 3, during which we’ll be studying the interior of Saturn.
    Cassini: The Grand Finale: Orbit Guide
    https://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/grand-finale/grand-finale-orbit-guide/

    VIRGO
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    VIRGO
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    How The Arecibo Telescope Could Help Save The World
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d3WiRunOsWY
    VIRGO
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    Sitting amongst the alien landscape of the harsh Atacama, the antennas of the Large Millimeter/submillimeter
    Array (ALMA) look eerily otherworldly in this ESO Picture of the Week as they are bathed in a neon green light.

    This light is actually an in-built function of ALMA, not evidence of alien activity! The array’s antennas have
    a flashing green light that blinks periodically whilst the antennas are in operation, and does not disturb the
    radio-wavelength observations. This light is not usually quite so visible — this picture was captured using a
    10-second exposure, during which time a green flash occurred and spread throughout the image, creating a stark
    contrast between the neon green of the antennas and the deep blue of the night sky.

    VIRGO
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    Close encounter | ESA/Hubble
    https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1719a/

    This image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope shows the unusual galaxy IRAS 06076-2139, found in the constellation Lepus (The Hare).
    Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) and Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) instruments observed the galaxy from a distance of 500 million light-years.

    This particular object stands out from the crowd by actually being composed of two separate galaxies rushing past each other at about 2 million kms
    per hour. This speed is most likely too fast for them to merge and form a single galaxy. However, because of their small separation of only about 20 000
    light-years, the galaxies will distort one another through the force of gravity while passing each other, changing their structures on a grand scale.

    VIRGO
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    James Webb Space Telescope Arrives at NASA’s Johnson Space Center
    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/james-webb-space-telescope-arrives-at-nasa-s-johnson-space-center

    NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has arrived at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston,
    Texas, where it will undergo its last cryogenic test before it is launched into space in 2018.

    The telescope was loaded onto a trailer truck from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt,
    Maryland, and moved slowly down a highway by the Webb team to Joint Base Andrews in Maryland. At Andrews,
    the entire tractor-trailer, with telescope inside, was driven into a U.S. Air Force C-5C aircraft and
    flown to Ellington Field in Houston, Texas.

    When the C-5 landed at Ellington, the cargo was carefully unloaded and trucked to NASA Johnson, where
    inside a cleanroom the telescope was removed from its special shipping container. In the coming weeks
    it will be prepared for a key cryogenic test that will run nearly 100 days.

    VIRGO
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    Mars may not have been born alongside the other rocky planets | Science News
    https://www.sciencenews.org/article/mars-may-not-have-been-born-alongside-other-rocky-planets

    Mars may not have been born alongside the other rocky planets
    New origin story could explain mystery of Red Planet’s makeup

    Simulating the assembly of the solar system around 4.56 billion years ago, researchers propose that the Red Planet didn’t form
    in the inner solar system alongside the other terrestrial planets as previously thought. Mars instead may have formed around where
    the asteroid belt is now and migrated inward to its present-day orbit, the scientists report in the June 15 Earth and Planetary
    Science Letters. The proposal better explains why Mars has such a different chemical composition than Earth, says Stephen Mojzsis,
    a study coauthor and geologist at the University of Colorado Boulder.
    VIRGO
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    Two new Saturn-mass exoplanets discovered
    https://phys.org/news/2017-05-saturn-mass-exoplanets.html

    An international team of astronomers has detected two new giant alien worlds circling distant stars. The newly found planets are estimated to be as massive
    as Saturn and are orbiting M dwarfs beyond the snow line. The findings were presented May 2 in a paper published online on the arXiv pre-print server.

    he planets were discovered by researchers working as part of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) group and the Microlensing Observations in
    Astrophysics (MOA) collaboration. OGLE uses the 1.3-m Warsaw Telescope located at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile, while MOA utilizes the 1.8-m MOA-II
    telescope at the Mount John University Observatory, located in New Zealand. The main goal of these two microlensing surveys is to study the planet formation
    around late-type stars.

    VIRGO
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    Caltech Chemical Engineer Explains Oxygen Mystery on Comets | Caltech
    http://www.caltech.edu/news/caltech-chemical-engineer-explains-oxygen-mystery-comets-61080

    A Caltech chemical engineer who normally develops new ways to fabricate microprocessors in computers has figured out how to explain
    a nagging mystery in space—why comets expel oxygen gas, the same gas we humans breathe.

    The discovery that comets produce oxygen gas—also referred to as molecular oxygen or O2—was announced in 2015 by researchers studying
    the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko with the European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft. The mission unexpectedly found abundant levels
    of molecular oxygen in the comet's atmosphere. Molecular oxygen in space is highly unstable, as oxygen prefers to pair up with hydrogen
    to make water, or carbon to make carbon dioxide. Indeed, O2 has only been detected twice before in space in star-forming nebulas.

    VIRGO
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    Revised astrobiology periodic table by Charles Cockell reporting the astrophysical source & the biological use of each element

    VIRGO
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    Galactic winds slow new star formation | The University of Edinburgh
    http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/2017/galactic-winds-slow-new-star-formation

    Scientists have created computer simulations of events soon after the Big Bang to better understand how stars today are being formed.

    Researchers have formed the clearest picture yet of massive explosions that controlled the creation of galaxies, including our own,
    and continue to influence star formation today. The findings confirm a long-held theory about the after-effects of these spectacular
    explosions called supernovae, and how they slow down the formation process.

    VIRGO
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    Cassini Mission Overview | The Planetary Society
    http://www.planetary.org/multimedia/space-images/charts/20130128_cassini_mission_overview.html

    A summary of the completed and planned close flybys of Saturn's moons through Cassini's prime,
    extended ("Equinox"), and proposed extended-extended ("Solstice") missions.

    VIRGO
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    Meteor Flash! Eta Aquarid Leaves Smoke Trail Over Mount Bromo | Video
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqV6rc3W5xQ
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Space Weather Model Simulates Solar Storms From Nowhere
    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/space-weather-model-simulates-solar-storms-from-nowhere

    Our ever-changing sun continuously shoots solar material into space. The grandest such events are massive clouds that erupt from the sun,
    called coronal mass ejections, or CMEs. These solar storms often come first with some kind of warning — the bright flash of a flare, a burst
    of heat or a flurry of solar energetic particles. But another kind of storm has puzzled scientists for its lack of typical warning signs:
    They seem to come from nowhere, and scientists call them stealth CMEs.

    Now, an international team of scientists, led by the Space Sciences Laboratory at University of California, Berkeley, and funded in part by NASA,
    has developed a model that simulates the evolution of these stealthy solar storms. The scientists relied upon NASA missions STEREO and SOHO for
    this work, fine-tuning their model until the simulations matched the space-based observations. Their work shows how a slow, quiet process can
    unexpectedly create a twisted mass of magnetic fields on the sun, which then pinches off and speeds out into space — all without any advance warning.

    TOXICMAN
    TOXICMAN --- ---
    X-37B landing (OTV-4, 7 May 2017)
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IoailiPGTZQ
    VIRGO
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    Air Force's X-37B Space Plane Lands in Florida After Record-Breaking Secret Mission
    http://www.space.com/36420-x-37b-space-plane-secret-mission-florida-landing.html

    The record-shattering mission of the U.S. Air Force's robotic X-37B space plane is finally over.

    After circling Earth for an unprecedented 718 days, the X-37B touched down Sunday (May 7) at the Shuttle Landing Facility at NASA's
    Kennedy Space Center in Florida — the first landing at the SLF since the final space shuttle mission came back to Earth in July 2011.

    "Today marks an incredibly exciting day for the 45th Space Wing as we continue to break barriers," Air Force Brig. Gen. Wayne Monteith,
    the 45th SW commander, said in a statement. "Our team has been preparing for this event for several years, and I am extremely proud to
    see our hard work and dedication culminate in today's safe and successful landing of the X-37B."

    VIRGO
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    Initial Results from the Close Approach of Asteroid 2014 JO25
    https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news196.html

    The SpeX instrument (a spectrograph) on the IRTF observed 2014 JO25 on 21 April 2017. This dataset shows the spectrum of the asteroid
    from 0.7 to 2.5 microns. This spectrum contains two large diagnostic absorption features at 1 and 2 microns and is consistent with
    a spectral classification of S-type asteroids (J. Emery/UT-Knoxville et al.)

    VIRGO
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    VIRGO
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    Planetary Science Just Got Its Best Budget in Years | The Planetary Society
    http://www.planetary.org/...ier/2017/fy2017-planetary-science-just-got-its-best-budget-in-years.html
    Every NASA science division gets a budget boost compared to 2016

    Today, the President signed the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017, which funds the U.S. government for the remainder of the fiscal year.
    NASA received $19.65 billion—its best budget since 2010—and the Planetary Science Division saw its budget increase to $1.846 billion—its best
    budget in more than ten years.

    Needless to say, we are very pleased with this. It represents an increase of $215 million to planetary science above 2016, and is $345 million
    more than the President originally proposed for this year. When adjusting for inflation and programmatic consistency, this is the best budget
    for NASA's Planetary Science Division since 2005.

    VIRGO
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    Asteroid 2017 JQ1 flew past Earth at 0.44 LD
    https://watchers.news/2017/05/06/asteroid-2017-jq1/

    A newly discovered asteroid designated 2017 JQ1 flew past Earth at a distance of 0.44 LD (168 960 km / 104 986 miles)
    at 01:16 UTC on May 4, 2017. This is the 20th known asteroid to fly past Earth within 1 lunar distance since January 9, 2017.

    2017 JQ1 belongs to the Apollo group of asteroids. It was first observed at Mt. Lemmon Survey on May 2, 2017. Its estimated
    size is between 2 and 8 m (6 - 26 feet) and it flew past Earth at a speed of 11.24 km/s (relative to the Earth). It won't
    pass this close to Earth for at least 180 years.

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