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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
    VIRGO
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    Cosmic “dust factory” reveals clues to how stars are born - News - Cardiff University
    http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/news/view/808810-cosmic-dust-factory-reveals-clues-to-how-stars-are-born

    A group of scientists led by researchers at Cardiff University have discovered a rich inventory of molecules at the centre of an exploded star for the very first time.

    Two previously undetected molecules, formylium (HCO+) and sulphur monoxide (SO), were found in the cooling aftermath of Supernova 1987A, located 163,000 light years away
    in a nearby neighbour of our own Milky Way galaxy. The explosion was originally witnessed in February 1987, hence its name.

    These newly identified molecules were accompanied by previously detected compounds such as carbon monoxide (CO) and silicon oxide (SiO). The researchers estimate that
    about 1 in 1000 silicon atoms from the exploded star can be found in SiO molecules and only a few out of every million carbon atoms are in HCO+ molecules.

    VIRGO
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    Dawn’s Early Light
    https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jpl/pia21336/dawn-s-early-light

    The light of a new day on Saturn illuminates the planet’s wavy cloud patterns and the smooth arcs of the vast rings.

    The light has traveled around 80 minutes since it left the sun's surface by the time it reaches Saturn. The illumination
    it provides is feeble; Earth gets 100 times the intensity since it's roughly ten times closer to the sun. Yet compared to
    the deep blackness of space, everything at Saturn still shines bright in the sunlight, be it direct or reflected.

    This view looks toward the sunlit side of the rings from about 10 degrees above the ring plane. The image was taken with
    the Cassini spacecraft wide-angle camera on Feb. 25, 2017 using a spectral filter which preferentially admits wavelengths
    of near-infrared light centered at 939 nanometers.

    The view was obtained at a distance of approximately 762,000 miles (1.23 million kilometers) from Saturn. Image scale is
    45 miles (73 kilometers) per pixel.

    VIRGO
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    The Birth of Supernova 1987A animation depicting the buildup and aftermath of supernova 1987A
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_zTWZHhkSo
    VIRGO
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    Asteroid (457175) 2008 GO98 taken by Paolo Bacci on July 4, 2017 @ San Marcello.

    VIRGO
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    SOFIA to Make Advance Observations of Next New Horizons Flyby Object

    On July 10, researchers using NASA’s Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, or SOFIA, will attempt to study
    the environment around a distant Kuiper Belt Object, 2014 MU69, which is the next flyby target for NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft.

    https://www.nasa.gov/...eature/sofia-to-make-advance-observations-of-next-new-horizons-flyby-object



    První částečné výsledky vypadají dobře!

    @SOFIAtelescope: we successfully observed the shadow!
    SOFIA "observed the shadow" in the sense of measuring an actual chord through MU69's body? Or in the sense of successful data recording?
    Analysis is underway. But we were exactly where the centerline of the shadow was predicted.

    VIRGO
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    +2
    https://www.wired.com/story/strange-noise-in-gravitational-wave-data-sparks-debate/

    IN FEBRUARY 2016, the leaders of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) announced
    that they had successfully detected gravitational waves, subtle ripples in the fabric of space-time that
    had been stirred up by the collision of two black holes. The team held a press conference in Washington
    to announce the landmark findings.

    They also released their data.

    Now a team of independent physicists has sifted through this data, only to find what they describe as strange
    correlations that shouldn’t be there. The team, led by Andrew Jackson, a physicist at the Niels Bohr Institute
    in Copenhagen, claims that the troublesome signal could be significant enough to call the entire discovery into
    question. The potential effects of the unexplained correlations “could range from a minor modification of the
    extracted wave form to a total rejection of LIGO’s claimed [gravitational wave] discovery,” wrote Jackson in an
    email to Quanta. LIGO representatives say there may well be some unexplained correlations, but that they should
    not affect the team’s conclusions.

    VIRGO
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    Bright fireball spotted over São José dos Campos and São Paulo, Brazil, on July 10, 2017

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l4XQ0T7Nh8E

    A Rare, 4.5-Billion-Year-Old Meteorite Hit the Netherlands - Atlas Obscura
    http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/meteorite-netherlands-rare

    Naturalis Newsroom #2: The Rock from Space
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLJZC-ZQBWY
    VIRGO
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    NASA's Juno Spacecraft to Fly Over Jupiter's Great Red Spot July 10 | NASA
    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasas-juno-spacecraft-to-fly-over-jupiters-great-red-spot-july-10/

    Juno - Jupiter Flyby (Jul 11, 03:55 for European CEST zone)

    Juno spacecraft will fly directly over Jupiter's Great Red Spot, the gas giant's iconic, 10,000-mile-wide (16,000-kilometer-wide) storm.

    The data collection of the Great Red Spot is part of Juno's sixth science flyby over Jupiter's mysterious cloud tops. Perijove (the point
    at which an orbit comes closest to Jupiter's center) will be on Monday, July 10, at 6:55 p.m. PDT (9:55 p.m. EDT). At the time of perijove,
    Juno will be about 2,200 miles (3,500 kilometers) above the planet's cloud tops. Eleven minutes and 33 seconds later, Juno will have covered
    another 24,713 miles (39,771 kilometers) and will be directly above the coiling crimson cloud tops of Jupiter's Great Red Spot. The spacecraft
    will pass about 5,600 miles (9,000 kilometers) above the Giant Red Spot clouds. All eight of the spacecraft's instruments as well as its imager,
    JunoCam, will be on during the flyby.

    On July 4 at 7:30 p.m. PDT (10:30 p.m. EDT), Juno will have logged exactly one year in Jupiter orbit. At the time, the spacecraft will have
    chalked up about 71 million miles (114.5 million kilometers) in orbit around the giant planet.

    NASA Juno Live : Real time simulation - Follow as it passes of Jupiter's Giant Red spot!
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hw-JLx_t-1s


    ---

    Perijove-06 Reenacted From Earth taken by Peter Rosén on May 19, 2017 @ Stockholm, Sweden

    VIRGO
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    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/sofia-to-make-advance-observations-of-next-new-horizons-flyby-object

    On July 10, researchers using NASA’s Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, or SOFIA, will attempt to study
    the environment around a distant Kuiper Belt Object, 2014 MU69, which is the next flyby target for NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft.

    When New Horizons flies by it, MU69 will be the most distant object ever explored by a spacecraft, over a billion miles farther from our sun
    than Pluto. This ancient Kuiper Belt object is not well understood because it is faint, small (likely 12-25-mile (20-40-kilometer across, or
    possibly even smaller according to recent ground-based observations), and very far away (approximately 4.1 billion miles from Earth).
    VIRGO
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    Mercury Transfer Module electric propulsion thruster steering test
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPmG7Hek1U8
    VIRGO
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    CML - Arecibo

    VIRGO
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    Color image of Saturn's rings made from raw uncalibrated JPEGs acquired during Cassini's 12th gap pass on July 5, 2017 by Jason Major.

    VIRGO
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    Nedělní chvilka poezie:

    On this day - 9 July 2004 - images released from NASA/ESA/ASI Cassini - Saturn's rings in UV. Still breathtaking today!!
    New colourful view of Saturn's rings / Cassini-Huygens / Space Science / Our Activities / ESA
    http://www.esa.int/..._Activities/Space_Science/Cassini-Huygens/New_colourful_view_of_Saturn_s_rings



    Color image of Saturn's rings made from raw uncalibrated JPEGs acquired during Cassini 12th gap pass on July 5, 2017, by J. Major.

    VIRGO
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    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço
    http://www.iastro.pt/news/news.html?ID=68

    In a paper highlighted by Astronomy & Astrophysics journal, a team of researchers from the Instituto de Astrofísica
    e Ciências do Espaço (IA3) discovered observational evidence for the existence of two distinct populations of giant planets.

    So far, more than 3500 planets have been detected orbiting solar type stars. Although recent results suggest that most planets in our Galaxy are rocky like Earth,
    a large population of giant planets, with masses that can go up to 10 or 20 times the mass of Jupiter (itself 320 times the mass of the Earth), was also discovered.

    A large amount of the information about how these planets are formed is coming from the analysis of the connection between the planets and their host star. Initial
    findings have shown, for example, that there is a tight connection between the metallicity4 of the star and the planet occurrence or frequency. Stellar mass has
    also been suggested to influence planet formation efficiency.

    VIRGO
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    Milky Way could have 100 billion brown dwarfs
    http://www.ras.org.uk/news-and-press/3003-milky-way-could-have-100-billion-brown-dwarfs

    Our galaxy could have 100 billion brown dwarfs or more, according to work by an international team of astronomers,
    led by Koraljka Muzic from the University of Lisbon and Aleks Scholz from the University of St Andrews. On Thursday
    6 July Scholz will present their survey of dense star clusters, where brown dwarfs are abundant, at the National
    Astronomy Meeting at the University of Hull.

    VIRGO
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    ESO’s SPHERE Unveils its First Exoplanet | ESO United Kingdom
    http://www.eso.org/public/unitedkingdom/announcements/ann17041/?lang

    One of the most challenging and exciting areas of astronomy today is the search for exoplanets — other worlds orbiting other stars.
    The exoplanet HIP 65426b has recently been discovered using the SPHERE (Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch instrument)
    instrument on ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT). Some 385 light-years from us, HIP 65426b is the first planet that SPHERE has found — and
    it turns out to be a particularly interesting one.

    VIRGO
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    Hubble Pushed Beyond Limits to Spot Clumps of New Stars in Distant Galaxy
    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/hubble-sees-clumps-of-new-stars-in-distant-galaxy

    By applying a new computational analysis to a galaxy magnified by a gravitational lens, astronomers have obtained images 10 times sharper
    than what Hubble could achieve on its own. The results show an edge-on disk galaxy studded with brilliant patches of newly formed stars.



    Hubble’s Hidden Galaxy
    https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2017/hubbles-hidden-galaxy

    IC 342 is a challenging cosmic target. Although it is bright, the galaxy sits near the equator of the Milky Way’s galactic disk,
    where the sky is thick with glowing cosmic gas, bright stars, and dark, obscuring dust. In order for astronomers to see the intricate
    spiral structure of IC 342, they must gaze through a large amount of material contained within our own galaxy — no easy feat! As
    a result IC 342 is relatively difficult to spot and image, giving rise to its intriguing nickname: the “Hidden Galaxy.”

    VIRGO
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    Mercury Planetary Orbiter solar wing deployment
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa1JIlzgj5I


    BepiColombo vibration test
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2jh3ViOpKqY
    VIRGO
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    YaleNews | A cosmic barbecue: Researchers spot 60 new ‘hot Jupiter’ candidates
    http://news.yale.edu/2017/07/06/cosmic-barbecue-researchers-spot-60-new-hot-jupiter-candidates

    Yale researchers have identified 60 potential new “hot Jupiters” — highly irradiated worlds that glow like coals on a barbecue grill
    and are found orbiting only 1% of Sun-like stars. Hot Jupiters constitute a class of gas giant planets located so close to their parent
    stars that they take less than a week to complete an orbit.

    Second-year Ph.D. student Sarah Millholland and astronomy professor Greg Laughlin identified the planet candidates via a novel application
    of big data techniques. They used a supervised machine learning algorithm — a sophisticated program that can be trained to recognize patterns
    in data and make predictions — to detect the tiny amplitude variations in observed light that result as an orbiting planet reflects rays of
    light from its host star.

    “Sarah’s work has given us what amounts to a ‘class portrait’ of extrasolar planets at their most alien,” said Laughlin. “It’s amazing how
    the latest techniques in machine learning, compounded with high-performance computing, are allowing us to mine classic data sets for
    extraordinary discoveries.”

    VIRGO
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    First look at gravitational dance that drives stellar formation
    http://www.ras.org.uk/...-press/3013-first-look-at-gravitational-dance-that-drives-stellar-formation

    Swirling motions in clouds of cold, dense gas have given, for the first time, an active insight into how gravity creates the compact cores
    from which stars form in the interstellar medium. The results will be presented today, Thursday 6 July, by Gwen Williams at the National
    Astronomy Meeting at the University of Hull.

    Williams, of Cardiff University, explains: “We’ve known for some time that dusty, filamentary cloud structures are ubiquitous in the Milky
    Way’s interstellar medium. We also know that the densest of these filaments fragment into compact pockets of cold gas that then collapse
    under their own gravity to form individual stars. However, there’s still been a question mark over how, exactly, this happens.”

    SDC13 is a remarkable cloud network of four filaments converging on a central hub, with a total mass of gas equivalent to a thousand of our
    Suns. Observations by Williams and colleagues at Cardiff University and the University of Manchester, using the Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA)
    and the Green Bank Telescope (GBT), have now captured the effects of gravity on ammonia gas moving within the SDC13 system.

    Material is pulled from surrounding filaments and accreted onto cores dotted along the cloud structure, converting gravitational potential energy
    into kinetic energy in the process. Intense surges in the gas motion are observed at two-thirds of the cores that have yet to form stars.

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