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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
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    Heating ocean moon Enceladus for billions of years / Cassini-Huygens / Space Science / Our Activities / ESA
    http://www.esa.int/...ace_Science/Cassini-Huygens/Heating_ocean_moon_Enceladus_for_billions_of_years

    Enough heat to power hydrothermal activity inside Saturn’s ocean moon Enceladus for billions of years could be generated through tidal
    friction if the moon has a highly porous core, a new study finds, working in favour of the moon as a potentially habitable world.

    A paper published in Nature Astronomy today presents the first concept that explains the key characteristics of 500 km-diameter Enceladus
    as observed by the international Cassini spacecraft over the course of its mission, which concluded in September.

    This includes a global salty ocean below an ice shell with an average thickness of 20–25 km, thinning to just 1–5 km over the south polar
    region. There, jets of water vapour and icy grains are launched through fissures in the ice. The composition of the ejected material measured
    by Cassini included salts and silica dust, suggesting they form through hot water – at least 90ºC – interacting with rock in the porous core.

    These observations require a huge source of heat, about 100 times more than is expected to be generated by the natural decay of radioactive
    elements in rocks in its core, as well as a means of focusing activity at the south pole.

    The tidal effect from Saturn is thought to be at the origin of the eruptions deforming the icy shell by push-pull motions as the moon follows
    an elliptical path around the giant planet. But the energy produced by tidal friction in the ice, by itself, would be too weak to counterbalance
    the heat loss seen from the ocean – the globe would freeze within 30 million years.

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    A message from Joan Schmelz, director of USRA at Arecibo, via Rhysy

    https://plus.google.com/+RhysTaylorRhysy/posts/bYCMZFHxEBq

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    Yasushi yede! October 26, 2017 @ Ishikawa, JAPAN

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    ALMA objevila chladný prach v okolí nejbližší hvězdy | ESO Česko
    http://www.eso.org/public/czechrepublic/news/eso1735/?lang

    Radioteleskop ALMA pro milimetrovou a submilimetrovou oblast elektromagnetického záření pracující v Chile detekoval prach v okolí nejbližší sousední hvězdy Proximy Centauri.
    Nová pozorování odhalila, že záření chladných prachových částic vychází z oblasti, která by se ve Sluneční soustavě rozkládala od oběžné dráhy Země až téměř k Jupiteru.
    Navíc se zdá, že v soustavě Proximy může být ještě jeden o něco chladnější vnější prachový pás. Tyto oblasti by mohly být známkou přítomnosti komplexního planetárního systému.
    Jelikož se očekává, že částice v těchto oblastech jsou tvořeny horninami a ledem, jsou pozorované struktury nejspíše podobné mohutnějším pásům meziplanetární hmoty, jaké známe
    ze Sluneční soustavy , kde se rovněž jedná o zbytky látky nespotřebované při vzniku a vývoji planet.

    Artist’s impression of the dust belts around Proxima Centauri
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrYvTBZ6j20
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    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/return-of-the-comet-96p-spotted-by-esa-nasa-satellites

    The ESA (European Space Agency) and NASA mission SOHO — short for Solar and Heliospheric Observatory — got a visit from an old friend this week
    when comet 96P entered its field of view on Oct. 25, 2017. The comet entered the lower right corner of SOHO’s view, and skirted up and around
    the right edge before leaving on Oct. 30. SOHO also spotted comet 96P in 1996, 2002, 2007 and 2012, making it the spacecraft’s most frequent
    cometary visitor.

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    A/2017 U1 centered in this 5 minute exposure recorded with the William Herschel Telescope in the Canary Islands on October 28

    APOD: 2017 November 3 - A 2017 U1: An Interstellar Visitor
    https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap171103.html

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    The most ancient spiral galaxy confirmed | Swinburne news
    http://www.swinburne.edu.au/...most-ancient-spiral-galaxy-confirmed-using-cutting-edge-technique.php

    The most ancient spiral galaxy discovered to date is revealing its secrets to a team of astronomers at Swinburne University of Technology and
    The Australian National University (ANU), part of the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in All Sky Astrophysics in 3D (ASTRO 3D).

    The galaxy, known as A1689B11, existed 11 billion years in the past, just 2.6 billion years after the Big Bang, when the Universe was only one
    fifth of its present age. It is thus the most ancient spiral galaxy discovered so far.

    The researchers used a powerful technique that combines gravitational lensing with the cutting-edge instrument the Near-infrared Integral Field
    Spectrograph (NIFS) on the Gemini North telescope in Hawai‘i to verify the vintage and spiral nature of this galaxy. NIFS is Australia’s first
    Gemini instrument that was designed and built by the late Peter McGregor at The ANU.

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    https://www.nasa.gov/...picture-this-selfi-nasa-advances-instrument-to-study-the-plumes-of-enceladus

    The team at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, recently received support to advance technologies needed
    for the Submillimeter Enceladus Life Fundamentals Instrument, or SELFI. This remote-sensing instrument represents a significant
    improvement over the current state-of-the-art in submillimeter-wavelength devices, said SELFI Principal Investigator Gordon Chin.

    SELFI is being designed to measure traces of chemicals in the plumes of water vapor and icy particles that emanate from fissures,
    also known as tiger stripes, on Enceladus, Saturn’s sixth largest moon. By studying the plumes, scientists believe they can
    extrapolate the composition of the ocean that lies beneath the moon’s icy crust and its potential to host extraterrestrial life.

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    https://www.nasa.gov/...re/goddard/2017/atmospheric-beacons-guide-nasa-scientists-in-search-for-life

    Traditionally, researchers have sought potential biosignatures as ways of identifying inhabited worlds: byproducts from life as we know it
    such as oxygen or methane that over time accumulate in the atmosphere to detectable amounts. But with current technology, according to Vladimir
    Airapetian, lead author of a Nature Scientific Reports study published on Nov. 2, 2017, identifying these gases on distant terrestrial exoplanets
    is time-consuming, requiring days of observation time. The new study suggests hunting for cruder signatures of potentially habitable worlds instead,
    which would be easier to detect with current resources in less time.

    “We’re in search of molecules formed from fundamental prerequisites to life — specifically molecular nitrogen, which is 78 percent of our atmosphere,”
    said Airapetian, who is a solar scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and at American University in Washington, D.C.
    “These are basic molecules that are biologically friendly and have strong infrared emitting power, increasing our chance of detecting them.”

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    Hyde Park Civilizace: Miloslav Druckmüller — Česká televize
    http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/porady/10441294653-hyde-park-civilizace/217411058091104/
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    HOWKING: Jj, trefa! :)
    HOWKING
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    VIRGO: Úchvatné!!!! :-O
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    Awesome Orionid Fireball photo taken by Yasushi Aoshima on October 25, 2017 @ Ishikawa, JAPAN.

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    Particle physicists detect a mysterious void inside Egypt’s Great Pyramid – GeekWire
    https://www.geekwire.com/2017/muon-big-void-egypt-great-pyramid/

    An international team of researchers has detected a mysterious, previously unknown void
    deep inside Egypt’s Great Pyramid that may be as large as an art gallery space.

    The anomalous space, known as the ScanPyramids Big Void, showed up on imagery produced
    by tracking concentrations of subatomic particles called muons as they zoomed through
    the pyramid’s stones.

    ScanPyramids 2017
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=ZB-MOGw0RMo
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    RNAAS: A Unique Journal Joins the Family
    http://aasnova.org/2017/11/01/rnaas-a-unique-journal-joins-the-family/

    Enter Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society (RNAAS) — a new and unique journal that just joined the AAS journal family
    this week. RNAAS provides a means of sharing with the astronomical community work that may not fit into traditional publication outlets.

    RNAAS is a non-peer-reviewed, non-edited journal that is moderated by one of the AAS journals’ lead editors, Dr. Chris Lintott (University
    of Oxford). Communications published in RNAAS are brief — they are limited to l.t. 1000 words, with space for one table or figure.
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    Did our cosmos emerge from a sea of inflating bubbles? | Aeon Essays
    https://aeon.co/essays/did-our-cosmos-emerge-from-a-sea-of-inflating-bubbles

    Maybe we don’t have to speculate about what life is like inside a bubble. It might be the only cosmic reality we know.

    By J Richard Gott

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    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/martian-ridge-brings-out-rovers-color-talents

    Color-discerning capabilities that NASA's Curiosity rover has been using on Mars since 2012 are proving particularly helpful on a mountainside
    ridge the rover is now climbing.

    One of these methods for discerning targets' colors uses the Mast Camera (Mastcam); the other uses the Chemistry and Camera instrument (ChemCam).

    Each of the Mastcam's two eyes -- one telephoto and one wider angle -- has several science filters that can be changed from one image to the next
    to assess how brightly a rock reflects light of specific colors. By design, some of the filters are for diagnostic wavelengths that certain minerals
    absorb, rather than reflect. Hematite, one iron-oxide mineral detectable with Mastcam's science filters, is a mineral of prime interest as the rover
    examines "Vera Rubin Ridge."

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    DESHIMA sees first light: a step closer to mapping the most distant star systems
    https://www.tudelft.nl/...a-sees-first-light-a-step-closer-to-mapping-the-most-distant-star-systems/

    DESHIMA is a completely new type of astronomical instrument with which a 3D map of the early universe can be constructed. In early October,
    Dutch and Japanese researchers installed the DESHIMA measurement instrument under the ASTE telescope in Chile. Over the past few days,
    DESHIMA has recorded light from an astronomical source for the first time. The development represents a significant milestone in the process
    of making the instrument operational.

    DESHIMA has been developed by TU Delft, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research and the Leiden Observatory, working together with
    a consortium of Japanese universities led by The University of Tokyo, and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ).

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    Aliens may be more like us than we think | University of Oxford
    http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2017-10-31-aliens-may-be-more-us-we-think

    In a new study published in the International Journal of Astrobiology scientists from the University of Oxford show for the first time how
    evolutionary theory can be used to support alien predictions and better understand their behaviour. They show that aliens are potentially
    shaped by the same processes and mechanisms that shaped humans, such as natural selection.

    The theory supports the argument that foreign life forms undergo natural selection, and are like us, evolving to be fitter and stronger over time.

    Sam Levin, a researcher in Oxford’s Department of Zoology, said: ‘A fundamental task for astrobiologists (those who study life in the cosmos) is
    thinking about what extra-terrestrial life might be like. But making predictions about aliens is hard. We only have one example of life - life on
    Earth -- to extrapolate from. Past approaches in the field of astrobiology have been largely mechanistic, taking what we see on Earth, and what
    we know about chemistry, geology, and physics to make predictions about aliens.

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