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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Star predicted to explode in 2022 | Space | EarthSky
    http://earthsky.org/space/star-predicted-to-explode-in-2022

    Astronomer Larry Molnar and his colleagues and students have made an unprecedented prediction of a star explosion – due in the year 2022, or thereabouts, they say –
    that’ll become visible from Earth, even to those without telescopes. The star system is an eclipsing binary system (one star passes in front of the other as seen
    from Earth) called known as KIC 9832227. New evidence suggests that these two very close stars are getting closer and will merge explosively, soon. Molnar is
    presenting his findings today (January 6, 2017) at the 229th meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Texas.

    He said the prediction, originally made in 2015, of the merging of the two stars in the KIC 9832227 system is “progressing from theory to reality” and he added:

    It’s a one-in-a-million chance that you can predict an explosion. It’s never been done before.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    MUSE zkoumá neprobádaná zákoutí Hubbleova ultrahlubohého pole | ESO Česko
    http://www.eso.org/public/czechrepublic/news/eso1738/

    Astronomové dokončili dosud nejhlubší spektroskopickou přehlídku

    Astronomové využívající přístroj MUSE na dalekohledu ESO/VLT v Chile provedli dosud nejhlubší spektroskopickou přehlídku vybrané části oblohy.
    Zaměřili se na oblast známou jako Hubbleovo ultrahluboké pole (Hubble Ultra Deep Field, HUDF), ve které změřili vzdálenost a zkoumali vlastnosti
    pro 1 600 velmi slabých dalekých galaxií. Nalezli také 72 dosud nepozorovaných objektů – galaxií, které nebyly zaznamenány ani na originálním
    snímku HUDF. Na základě těchto průlomových pozorování bylo vypracováno deset vědeckých prací, které budou publikovány ve speciálním vydání
    odborného časopisu Astronomy & Astrophysics. Tato studnice informací astronomům poskytuje nový pohled na průběh formování hvězd v raném vesmíru
    a umožňuje jim zkoumat pohyby i další vlastnosti mladých galaxií – vše díky mimořádnému spektroskopickému výkonu přístroje MUSE.

    Tým projektu MUSE HUDF Survey pod vedením Rolanda Bacona (Centre de recherche astrophysique de Lyon, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/
    ENS de Lyon, France) využil přístroj MUSE (Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer) k pozorování oblasti známé jako Hubbleovo ultrahluboké pole (Ultra
    Deep Field, heic0406), což je jedno z nejdůkladněji prozkoumaných míst na jižní obloze v souhvězdí Pec (Fornax). Výsledkem provedených pozorování
    je nejhlubší spektroskopická přehlídka, jaká byla dosud provedena. Detailní informace byly získány pro celkem 1 600 vzdálených galaxií, což je
    desetkrát více objektů, než v tomto poli s obtížemi napozorovali všechny dalekohledy na povrchu Země během celé poslední dekády.

    ESOcast 140 Light: MUSE Dives into the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5jIyoYZ2Lr4


    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Traces of life on nearest exoplanets may be hidden in equatorial trap
    http://www.ras.org.uk/.../3074-traces-of-life-on-nearest-exoplanets-may-be-hidden-in-equatorial-trap

    New simulations show that the search for life on other planets may well be more difficult than previously assumed, in research published today in the journal
    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. The study indicates that unusual air flow patterns could hide atmospheric components from telescopic
    observations, with direct consequences for formulating the optimal strategy for searching for (oxygen-producing) life such as bacteria or plants on exoplanets.

    Current hopes of detecting life on planets outside of our own Solar System rest on examining the planet’s atmosphere to identify chemical compounds that may be
    produced by living beings. Ozone – a variety of oxygen – is one such molecule, and is seen as one of the possible tracers that may allow us to detect life on
    another planet from afar.

    In Earth's atmosphere, this compound forms the ozone layer that protects us from the Sun's harmful UV radiation. On an alien planet, ozone could be one piece
    in the puzzle that indicates the presence of oxygen-producing bacteria or plants.

    But now researchers, led by Ludmila Carone of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Germany, have found that these tracers might be better hidden than we
    previously thought. Carone and her team considered some of the nearest exoplanets that have the potential to be Earth-like: Proxima b, which is orbiting the star
    nearest to the Sun (Proxima Centauri), and the most promising of the TRAPPIST-1 family of planets, TRAPPIST-1d.

    These are examples of planets that orbit their host star in 25 days or fewer, and as a side effect have one side permanently facing their star, and the other side
    permanently facing away. Modelling the flow of air within the atmospheres of these planets, Carone and her colleagues found that this unusual day-night divide can
    have a marked effect on the distribution of ozone across the atmosphere: at least for these planets, the major air flow may lead from the poles to the equator,
    systematically trapping the ozone in the equatorial region.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    News | NASA Builds its Next Mars Rover Mission
    https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7011

    At a glance, it looks a lot like its predecessor, the Curiosity Mars rover. But there's no doubt it's a souped-up science machine:
    It has seven new instruments, redesigned wheels and more autonomy. A drill will capture rock cores, while a caching system with a miniature
    robotic arm will seal up these samples. Then, they'll be deposited on the Martian surface for possible pickup by a future mission.

    This new hardware is being developed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, which manages the mission for the agency.
    It includes the Mars 2020 mission's cruise stage, which will fly the rover through space, and the descent stage, a rocket-powered "sky crane"
    that will lower it to the planet's surface. Both of these stages have recently moved into JPL's Spacecraft Assembly Facility.

    NASA Begins Building Next Mars Rover Mission
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s595S1Vf3PE
    JULIANNE
    JULIANNE --- ---
    VIRGO: Bohužel ne, ale snad někdy příště!
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Universitat de Barcelona - The study of a galactic microquasar provides the explanation for the structure of faraway radio galaxies
    http://www.ub.edu/web/ub/en/menu_eines/noticies/2017/11/048.html

    Researchers from the Institute of Cosmos Sciences of the University of Barcelona (ICCUB) and the University of Jaén have described,
    for the first time, the structure of a Z-shaped galactic microquasar. This astronomical object is considered to be a small-scale version
    of a winged radio galaxy, so far considered one of the distant sources which are potential emitters of gravitational waves. In this sense,
    the main conclusion of the study, published in Nature Communications, says that not all winged radio galaxies would be the source of
    gravitational waves, unlike what was thought so far.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Astronomers create most detailed radio image of nearby dwarf galaxy - ANU
    http://www.anu.edu.au/...ll-news/astronomers-create-most-detailed-radio-image-of-nearby-dwarf-galaxy

    Astronomers at ANU have created the most detailed radio image of nearby dwarf galaxy, the Small Magellanic Cloud,
    revealing secrets of how it formed and how it is likely to evolve.

    This image was taken by CSIRO's powerful new radio telescope, the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
    (ASKAP), and its innovative radio camera technology, known as phased array feeds.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    ALMA Discovers Infant Stars Surprisingly Near Galaxy’s Supermassive Black Hole - National Radio Astronomy Observatory
    https://public.nrao.edu/news/2017-alma-lmstars/

    Earliest phase of star formation ever observed in highly hostile environment

    At the center of our galaxy, in the immediate vicinity of its supermassive black hole, is a region wracked by powerful tidal forces
    and bathed in intense ultraviolet light and X-ray radiation. These harsh conditions, astronomers surmise, do not favor star formation,
    especially low-mass stars like our sun. Surprisingly, new observations from ALMA suggest otherwise.

    ALMA has revealed the telltale signs of eleven low-mass stars forming perilously close — within three light-years — to the Milky Way’s
    supermassive black hole, known to astronomers as Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). At this distance, tidal forces driven by the supermassive
    black hole should be energetic enough to rip apart clouds of dust and gas before they can form stars.

    The presence of these newly discovered protostars (the formative stage between a dense cloud of gas and a young, shining star) suggests
    that the conditions necessary to birth low-mass stars may exist even in one of the most turbulent regions of our galaxy and possibly in
    similar locales throughout the universe.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    JULIANNE: Klasická nestíhačka. Bude záznam na YT?
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    http://www.utu.fi/...Measure-Neutron-Star-Size-Uses-Modelling-Based-on-Thermonuclear-Explosions.aspx

    Neutron stars are made out of cold ultra-dense matter. How this matter behaves is one of the biggest mysteries in modern nuclear physics.
    Researchers developed a new method for measuring the radius of neutron stars which helps them to understand what happens to the matter
    inside the star under extreme pressure.

    [1709.09120] Neutron star mass and radius measurements from atmospheric model fits to X-ray burst cooling tail spectra
    https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.09120
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    The Tyranny of Extraterrestrial Messaging - Scientific American Blog Network
    https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/life-unbounded/the-tyranny-of-extraterrestrial-messaging/

    Some of the basic assumptions we make about extraterrestrial communication can be woefully naïve. Consider the situation in its gory detail.
    You decide (perhaps as a species, or perhaps as some resource-rich subset) that you want to ping the cosmos to find out if something else is
    listening, thinking, and as technological as you are. So you fire up your radio transmitter, or your big laser and start shooting off ‘Hello’
    messages.

    If our circumstances represent a useful template it means that the earliest possible response might come within about 8 years (Earth years of
    course). That's assuming that there is a responder in the nearest exoplanetary system, listening and receiving your first message at the right
    time, ready to fire back a response right away, willing to fire back a response, and capable of firing back something recognizable as a response.
    So, you start listening carefully 8 years later. But nothing comes in. So, you keep listening, telling yourself that it may take time for anyone
    to put a response together. And you keep listening.

    Meanwhile, you’ve been busy. In the last 8 years you’ve been pinging the next furthest stellar systems. But for these the roundtrip light travel
    times go up to 10 years, 20 years, 40 years. Within the sphere of space for a 40-year messaging roundtrip are roughly 150 stars.
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Shards, Axis Ratios and Interstellar Objects
    https://www.centauri-dreams.org/?p=38854

    With ‘Oumuamua, though, we now have to ask whether the 10 to 1 ratio is actually correct, as Jason Wright noted in a recent post.
    The problem here is that, unlike the situation with Boyajian’s Star, we have a small dataset to work with, and according to Wright
    (Penn State), researchers are getting different aspect ratios, ranging all the way from the aforementioned 10 to 1 down to
    a relatively ordinary 3 to 1.

    If the latter is the case, the interstellar object may look something more like Haumea than the Shard. “I’ll need to see a lot more
    data and hard, critical analysis of the anomalies in ‘Oumuamua before I get interested in the SETI angle at the level I am for Tabby’s
    Star,” adds Wright.
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    'Oumuamua: An Interstellar Visitor
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4N3_bxZHDDI
    JULIANNE
    JULIANNE --- ---
    Jen si tu odložím drobnou pozvánku...
    Jak se žije na Marsu – BIO|OKO – nejlepší kino na Praze 7
    http://www.biooko.net/cz/film/9346/Jak-se-zije-na-Marsu/
    BROUKOID
    BROUKOID --- ---
    JAKKILLER: az v periheliu prece :)
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/nasa-telescope-studies-quirky-comet-45p

    When comet 45P zipped past Earth early in 2017, researchers observing from NASA’s Infrared Telescope Facility, or IRTF,
    in Hawai’i gave the long-time trekker a thorough astronomical checkup. The results help fill in crucial details about ices
    in Jupiter-family comets and reveal that quirky 45P doesn’t quite match any comet studied so far.

    Like a doctor recording vital signs, the team measured the levels of nine gases released from the icy nucleus into the comet’s
    thin atmosphere, or coma. Several of these gases supply building blocks for amino acids, sugars and other biologically relevant
    molecules. Of particular interest were carbon monoxide and methane, which are so hard to detect in Jupiter-family comets that
    they’ve only been studied a few times before.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Astronomers Reveal Nearby Stars That Are Among The Oldest In Our Galaxy - News Hub -
    http://news.gsu.edu/2017/11/19/astronomers-reveal-nearby-stars-among-oldest-galaxy/

    Astronomers have discovered some of the oldest stars in our Milky Way galaxy by determining their locations and velocities, according to a study led by scientists at
    Georgia State University. This study focused on old or “senior citizen” stars, also known as cool subdwarfs, that are much older and cooler in temperature than the sun.

    In this study, published in the November 2017 edition of The Astronomical Journal, astronomers conducted a census of our solar neighborhood to identify how many young,
    adult and old stars are present. They targeted stars out to a distance of 200 light years, which is relatively nearby considering the galaxy is more than 100,000 light
    years across. A light year is how far light can travel in one year. This is farther than the traditional horizon for the region of space that is referred to as “the
    solar neighborhood,” which is about 80 light years in radius.
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Press Release - Uncovering the Origins of Galaxies' Halos
    https://www.naoj.org/Pressrelease/2017/08/02/index.html

    Using the Subaru Telescope atop Maunakea, researchers have identified 11 dwarf galaxies and two star-containing halos
    in the outer region of a large spiral galaxy 25 million light-years away from Earth. The findings, published in The
    Astrophysical Journal, provide new insight into how these 'tidal stellar streams' form around galaxies.

    Researchers from Tohoku University and colleagues used an ultra-wide field of view camera on the Subaru Telescope to
    develop a better understanding of stellar halos. These ring-shaped collections of stars orbit large galaxies and can
    often originate from smaller dwarf galaxies nearby.

    The team focused their attention on Galaxy NGC 4631, otherwise known as the Whale Galaxy because of its shape. They
    identified 11 dwarf galaxies in its outer region, some of which were already known. Dwarf galaxies are not easily
    detected because of their small sizes, masses and low brightness. The team also found two tidal stellar streams orbiting
    the galaxy: one, called Stream SE, is located in front of it and the other, called Stream NW, is nestled behind it.

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