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    TUHOKlimaticka zmena / Destroying the Future Is the Most Cost-Effective


    "Given the sheer enormity of climate change, it’s okay to be depressed, to grieve. But please, don’t stay there too long. Join me in pure, unadulterated, righteous anger."

    "I don’t want your hope. I don’t want you to be hopeful. ... I want you to act. Once you start to act, the hope is everywhere."

    "Our best scientists tell us insistently that a calamity is unfolding, that the life-support systems of the Earth are being damaged in ways that threaten our survival. Yet in the face of these facts we carry on as usual."

    Rostouci hladiny oceanu, zmena atmosferickeho proudeni, zmeny v distribuci srazek a sucha. Zmeny karbonoveho, fosforoveho a dusikoveho cyklu, okyselovani oceanu. Jake jsou bezpecnostni rizika a jake potencialni klady dramatickych zmen fungovani zemskeho systemu?
    Ale take jak funguji masove dezinformacni kampane ropneho prumyslu a boj o verejne mineni na prahu noveho klimatickeho rezimu post-holocenu.

    rozbalit záhlaví
    TADEAS
    TADEAS --- ---
    +1
    related

    https://www.science.org/content/article/pesticides-may-wreak-havoc-gut-microbiome

    Velmurugan Ganesan of the KMCH Research Foundation wondered whether pesticide exposure could explain a curious finding. In a study of almost 3000 people in southern India, his team found that 23% of participants in urban areas had diabetes, which clustered with classic risk factors such as obesity and high cholesterol. Yet in rural areas, the prevalence was still 16%, and there was no association with those risk factors. “We started wondering whether environmental chemicals could be playing a role,” Ganesan says.

    The team then explored the effects of exposure to one widely used agricultural insecticide, chlorpyrifos, in mice. Previous animal studies had often tested high doses for short periods, but Ganesan’s team used what he calls a “realistic dose,” based on pesticide residues in the average Indian diet, for 120 days. The study, published in August 2025, found that chlorpyrifos reshaped the gut microbiome, with beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus declining and potentially harmful species such as Helicobacter rising. Mice exposed to chlorpyrifos also developed high blood sugar and diabetes, despite not gaining weight, says Karthika Durairaj, the study’s first author.

    Another study co-authored by Ganesan suggests a possible mechanism: When gut microbes break down chlorpyrifos, they produce acetate and other metabolites the liver uses to make glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis, leading to elevated blood sugar levels.

    Ganesan’s team is now analyzing blood, urine, and stool samples from people with diabetes, both with and without obesity, and healthy controls to examine whether the patterns hold up in humans. “We are working to show that diabetes induced by environmental chemicals is quite different [from lifestyle-associated diabetes] in its underlying disease mechanisms and could require different clinical care,” Ganesan says.

    Pesticides appear to drive not just population shifts in the microbes, but also changes in their activity. In a large study published in 2025, for example, researchers exposed 17 representative bacterial species from the human gut to 18 different pesticides and detected changes in the microbial production of hundreds of small molecules. They included short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and tryptophan-related molecules—compounds that help keep the gut lining healthy, regulate inflammation, and guide immune responses.

    “Most studies focus on the effect of pesticides on … gut microbial composition, but this study shows that effects are far greater than that,” says study co-author Caroline Johnson, an environmental health epidemiologist at the Yale School of Public Health. The team also found that some bacteria accumulate pesticides within their cells, which could prolong their presence in the human body and increase the risk of long-term health effects.
    TADEAS
    TADEAS --- ---
    1 odpověď+3
    Reduced economic activity caused by the current Iran war has not been sufficient to offset the surge in CO₂ emissionsgenerated by the conflict. While economic slowdowns typically lead to modest declines in emissions, the scale of disruption in this case has been relatively limited on a global level.

    At the same time, the war has produced a sharp and concentrated spike in emissions from infrastructure destruction, fires, and intensified military operations, resulting in a clear net increase in CO₂ output. A key reason is that war-related emissions are largely additive rather than substitutive. Military fuel use, explosions, and the burning of oil and buildings introduce new emissions on top of ongoing civilian and industrial activity, rather than replacing it. Moreover, the destruction of infrastructure creates a pipeline of future emissions, as rebuilding cities, roads, and energy systems requires large amounts of carbon-intensive materials like cement and steel. These delayed emissions often outweigh any short-term reductions from decreased economic activity.

    In addition, the war is triggering indirect effects that further raise emissions, such as shifts toward dirtier energy sources, increased fossil fuel investment for energy security, and longer transportation routes due to regional instability. Historical patterns from other conflicts show that even when emissions dip briefly during periods of disruption, they tend to rebound and exceed prior levels during recovery and reconstruction. Overall, the evidence indicates that the Iran war is contributing to a net increase in emissions both immediately and over the longer term, rather than being offset by reduced economic output.

    https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1AiasFSuCW/
    SHEFIK
    SHEFIK --- ---
    +5
    TADEAS: related

    Antarctica just saw fastest glacier collapse ever recorded
    Antarctica’s Hektoria Glacier lost nearly half its ice in just 2 months after lifting off a flat seabed and shattering apart
    Such events could accelerate global sea level rise much faster than predicted

    Antarctica just saw the fastest glacier collapse ever recorded | ScienceDaily
    https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/02/260226042454.htm
    TADEAS
    TADEAS --- ---
    +3
    The U.S. Supreme Court has agreed to hear a major case that could reshape how climate accountability lawsuits move forward across the country.

    At issue is a lawsuit filed in Colorado that seeks to hold energy companies financially responsible for the local costs of climate change things like wildfire mitigation, infrastructure damage, extreme weather response, and public health impacts. The companies are asking the Court to throw the case out entirely.

    The justices’ decision to take up the case is significant. While the Colorado lawsuit is the one directly before them, the ruling will likely determine whether similar cases brought by cities and states nationwide can proceed. Across the country, municipalities have filed lawsuits seeking billions of dollars in damages, arguing that fossil fuel companies misled the public about climate risks while continuing business practices that worsened those risks.

    If the Court sides with the energy companies, many of these cases could be dismissed before they ever reach trial. If the Court allows the Colorado case to move forward, it could open the door for more local governments to pursue compensation through the courts.

    This isn’t just about one state it’s about whether communities across the United States can use state courts to seek accountability for climate-related costs, or whether those efforts will be shut down at the federal level.

    https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1AhZn3nVui/

    US supreme court takes up fossil fuel firms’ climate accountability case | US supreme court | The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/feb/23/supreme-court-suncor-exxonmobil-case
    TADEAS
    TADEAS --- ---
    +1
    Promoting the National Defense by Ensuring an Adequate Supply of Elemental Phosphorus and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides – The White House
    https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/02/promoting-the-national-defense-by-ensuring-an-adequate-supply-of-elemental-phosphorus-and-glyphosate-based-herbicides/

    Trump has issued an executive order invoking the Defense Production Act of 1950, a law that allows a president to direct and prioritize industrial production in the name of national defense. The order is designed to boost domestic production of glyphosate, a widely used weedkiller that has been at the center of major health-related lawsuits.

    It specifically instructs federal agencies to ensure that any resulting rules or directives do not undermine the financial stability of U.S. producers of these materials. “Making America Healthy Again”? It looks more like protecting chemical manufacturers once again.
    TUHO
    TUHO --- ---
    +3
    Oh no a ted jsem v pasti related lectures, ktery si nikdy nestihnu skutecne nakoukat

    Jon Lawhead: Multi­Scale Modeling and Pluralism in Climate Systems
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYYAzw56s9M
    CHOSIE
    CHOSIE --- ---
    +2
    Polycrisis and Systemic Risk: Assessment, Governance, and Communication

    The emphasis of integrated disaster and risk research has shifted from topical analysis, such as dealing with natural hazard-related disasters, technological accidents, or environmental crises, to a comprehensive analysis of interconnected and mutually interactive risk sources and crises.

    This interaction has often been framed in the language of “polycrisis” indicating the potentially amplifying and cascading effects of each crisis from one domain to the next. At the same time, the literature on systemic risk also includes the effects of multiple, interacting risks on the functionality and survivability of entire systems such as climate stability, cybersecurity, or energy production.

    This review article provides first a summary of the literature on both concepts, explicates the commonalities and differences and develops a risk and crisis concept that builds a bridge between the two research traditions. Based on this concept, the review delineates the implementations of a joint understanding of polycrisis and systemic risk for risk assessment, risk and crisis governance, and effective communication to different audiences.

    Polycrisis and Systemic Risks: New Approaches in Governance and Communication | Research Institute for Sustainability
    https://www.rifs-potsdam.de/en/news/polycrisis-and-systemic-risks-new-approaches-governance-and-communication
    Polycrisis and Systemic Risk: Assessment, Governance, and Communication | International Journal of Disaster Risk Science
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13753-025-00636-3
    SHEFIK
    SHEFIK --- ---
    Related pro preppery

    O hydroponii začínají mít zájem školky, říká podnikatel - iDNES.cz
    https://www.idnes.cz/ekonomika/domaci/pestovani-greeentech-greeenville-tech-lipovskij.A251122_112734_ekonomika_drh
    TADEAS
    TADEAS --- ---
    +1
    TADEAS: mann re gates

    You can’t reboot the planet if you crash it
    https://thebulletin.org/2025/10/you-cant-reboot-the-planet-if-you-crash-it/

    I became concerned about Gates’ framing of the climate crisis nearly a decade ago when a journalist reached out to me, asking me to comment on his supposed “discovery” of a formula for predicting carbon emissions. (The formula is really an “identity” that involves expressing carbon emissions as a product of terms related to population, economic growth, energy efficiency, and fossil fuel dependence). I noted, with some amusement, that the mathematical relationship Gates had “discovered” was so widely known it had a name, the “Kaya identity,” after the energy economist Yōichi Kaya who presented the relationship in a textbook nearly three decades ago. It’s familiar not just to climate scientists in the field but to college students taking an introductory course on climate change.

    If this seems like a gratuitous critique, it is not. It speaks to a concerning degree of arrogance. Did Gates really think that something as conceptually basic as decomposing carbon emissions into a product of constituent terms had never been attempted before? That he’s so brilliant that anything he thinks up must be a novel discovery?

    I reserved my criticism of Gates, at the time, not for his rediscovery of the Kaya identity (hey—if can help his readers understand it, that’s great) but for declaring that it somehow implies that “we need an energy miracle” to get to zero carbon emissions. It doesn’t. I explained that Gates “does an injustice to the very dramatic inroads that renewable energy and energy efficiency are making,” noting peer-reviewed studies by leading experts that provide “very credible outlines for how we could reach a 100 percent noncarbon energy generation by 2050.”

    The so-called “miracle” he speaks of exists—it’s called the sun, and wind, and geothermal, and energy storage technology. Real world solutions exist now and are easily scalable with the right investments and priorities. The obstacles aren’t technological. They’re political.

    Gates’ dismissiveness in this case wasn’t a one-off. It was part of a consistent pattern of downplaying clean energy while promoting dubious and potentially dangerous technofixes in which he is often personally invested. When I had the chance to question him about this directly (The Guardian asked me to contribute to a list of questions they were planning on asking him in an interview a few years ago), his response was evasive and misleading. He insisted that there is a “premium” paid for clean energy buildout when in fact it has a lower levelized cost than fossil fuels or nuclear and deflected the questions with ad hominem swipes.
    CHOSIE
    CHOSIE --- ---
    1 odpověď+4
    The 2025 state of the climate report: a planet on the brink
    We are hurtling toward climate chaos. The planet's vital signs are flashing red. The consequences of human-driven alterations of the
    climate are no longer future threats but are here now. This unfolding emergency stems from failed foresight, political inaction,
    unsustainable economic systems, and misinformation. Almost every corner of the biosphere is reeling from intensifying heat, storms,
    floods, droughts, or fires. The window to prevent the worst outcomes is rapidly closing.
    Key Highlights
    • The year 2024 set a new mean global surface temperature record, signaling an escalation of climate upheaval.

    • Currently, 22 of 34 planetary vital signs are at record levels.

    • Warming may be accelerating, likely driven by reduced aerosol cooling, strong cloud feedbacks, and a darkening planet.

    • The human enterprise is driving ecological overshoot. Population, livestock, meat consumption, and gross domestic
    product are all at record highs, with an additional approximately 1.3 million humans and 0.5 million ruminants added weekly.

    • In 2024, fossil fuel energy consumption hit a record high, with coal, oil, and gas all at peak levels. Combined solar and
    wind consumption also set a new record but was 31 times lower than fossil fuel energy consumption.

    • So far, in 2025, atmospheric carbon dioxide is at a record level, likely worsened by a sudden drop in land carbon uptake
    partly due to El Niño and intense forest fires.

    • Global fire-related tree cover loss reached an all-time high, with fires in tropical primary forest up 370% over 2023,
    fueling rising emissions and biodiversity loss.

    • Ocean heat content reached a record high, contributing to the largest coral bleaching event ever recorded,
    affecting 84% of reef area.

    • So far, in 2025, Greenland and Antarctic ice mass are at record lows. The Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets
    may be passing tipping points, potentially committing the planet to meters of sea-level rise.

    • Deadly and costly disasters surged, with Texas flooding killing at least 135 people, the California wildfires alone
    exceeding US$250 billion in damages, and climate-linked disasters since 2000 globally reaching more than US$18 trillion.

    • Climate change is endangering thousands of wild animal species; more than 3500 species are now at risk and
    there is new evidence of climate-related animal population collapses.

    • The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation is weakening, threatening major climate disruptions.

    • Climate change is already affecting water quality and availability, undermining agricultural productivity, sustainable
    water management, and increasing the risk of water-related conflict.

    • A dangerous hothouse Earth trajectory may now be more likely due to accelerated warming, self-reinforcing
    feedbacks, and tipping points.

    • Climate change mitigation strategies are available, cost effective, and urgently needed. From forest protection
    and renewables to plant-rich diets, we can still limit warming if we act boldly and quickly.

    • Social tipping points can drive rapid change. Even small, sustained nonviolent movements can shift public
    norms and policy, highlighting a vital path forward amid political gridlock and ecological crisis.

    • There is a need for systems change that links individual technical approaches with broader societal
    transformation, governance, policies, and social movements.
    Figure 1.Time series of climate-related human activities. In panel (f), tree cover loss does not account for forest gain
    and includes loss due to any cause. For panel (h), statistics are based on total energy supply (Energy Institute 2025);
    hydroelectricity and nuclear energy are shown in supplemental figure S2. Sources and additional details about each
    variable are provided in supplemental file S1.

    Figure 2.Time series of climate-related responses. For surface temperature anomaly (d), estimates based on a
    segmented linear regression model are shown in gray (prior to 2010) and black (beginning in 2010). For area burned
    (o), the black horizontal lines show changepoint model estimates, which indicate abrupt shifts (supplemental figure S3).
    For other variables with relatively high variability, local regression trendlines are shown in black. The variables were
    measured at various frequencies (e.g., annual, monthly, weekly). The labels on the x-axis correspond to midpoints of years.
    Sources and additional details about each variable are provided in supplemental file S1.


    https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biosci/biaf149/8303627
    SHEFIK
    SHEFIK --- ---
    2 odpovědi+3
    2025 is quickly becoming “The Year of the Flood” in the United States.

    So far, 3,358 Flash Flood Warnings have been issued, over 250 more than the next closest year to date.

    The US has already surpassed its annual average for flash flood reports, with more than double the typical number seen by this point in the year.

    The Texas floods, which have tragically claimed at least 145 lives, are now the deadliest non-tropical cyclone-related flood event in the US since 1976.

    Abnormally high levels of atmospheric moisture are expected to persist over the Central and Eastern US for the next two weeks, so expect more flooding.

    https://x.com/US_Stormwatch/status/1947012757729227095?t=WNpA8oBqVf1xrsDlXyEb8g&s=19
    SHEFIK
    SHEFIK --- ---
    +1
    Related

    Dams around the world hold so much water they've shifted Earth's poles, new research shows | Live Science
    https://www.livescience.com/planet-earth/dams-around-the-world-hold-so-much-water-theyve-shifted-earths-poles-new-research-shows

    Scientists found that large dams hold so much water they redistribute mass around the globe, shifting the position of Earth's crust relative to the mantle, the planet's middle layer.

    Earth's mantle is gooey, and the crust forms a solid shell that can slide around on top of it. Weight on the crust that causes it to shift relative to the mantle also shifts the location of Earth's poles, the researchers said.
    SHEFIK
    SHEFIK --- ---
    +1
    Soaring temperatures sent more than 100 people to emergency rooms in New York City for heat-related illnesses on Tuesday, the hottest day in more than a decade, according to data from city health officials.

    @nytimes.com on Bluesky
    https://bsky.app/profile/nytimes.com/post/3lshwektjbx2z
    CHOSIE
    CHOSIE --- ---
    +1
    Related k místnímu vláknu, článek od N. Hagense - krátce a stručně sepsáno.
    The 7 Fundamental Drivers of Overshoot
    Humanity is in overshoot1. The last 50 years have marked a unique period in history during which our species has been able to access, extract, and consume natural resources at a rate faster than the Earth is able to regenerate them. As humanity continues to grow its population beyond the carrying capacity of its environment, the associated excess consumption is degrading the health of Earth’s ecosystems. By over-consuming our environment—and ecosystem stability—in the short-term, we are putting our planet’s long-term stability and capacity to provide for future generations in jeopardy.
    https://www.resilience.org/stories/2025-03-17/the-7-fundamental-drivers-of-overshoot/
    TADEAS
    TADEAS --- ---
    1 odpověď+3
    mňau


    Catastrophe bond - Wikipedia
    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catastrophe_bond

    Catastrophe for Sale | Planet Finance (5/6)
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEwYDl5tl-s


    https://www.hedgeweek.com/cat-bonds-hold-steady-amid-market-volatility/

    Over the past 12 months, cat bonds have returned approximately 13%, significantly outperforming both US Treasuries (up 5%) and the S&P 500 (down 5%), according to data from the Swiss Re Global Cat Bond Performance Index. Year-to-date, cat bonds are up around 1%, compared to a 15% drop in the S&P 500, underscoring their resilience as EU and Chinese retaliation against US tariffs intensifies pressure on global equity markets.

    With over $50bn in outstanding issuance, the catastrophe bond market is attracting increased interest from hedge funds seeking non-correlated returns. Issuance hit a record high last year, driven by rising demand from insurers and reinsurers looking to transfer climate-related risks—such as hurricanes and wildfires—to capital markets.

    “Cat bonds don’t trade with equity or credit markets,” noted Fermat. “They are a pure play on natural catastrophe risk, which is why they continue to act as a shock absorber in diversified portfolios.”
    TADEAS
    TADEAS --- ---
    1 odpověď+6
    related

    Car tyres shed a quarter of all microplastics in the environment – urgent action is needed | University of Portsmouth
    https://www.port.ac.uk/news-events-and-blogs/blogs/protecting-our-environment/car-tyres-shed-a-quarter-of-all-microplastics-in-the-environment-urgent-action-is-needed

    Every year, billions of vehicles worldwide shed an estimated 6 million tonnes of tyre fragments. These tiny flakes of plastic, generated by the wear and tear of normal driving, eventually accumulate in the soil, in rivers and lakes, and even in our food. Researchers in South China recently found tyre-derived chemicals in most human urine samples.

    These tyre particles are a significant but often-overlooked contributor to microplastic pollution. They account for 28% of microplastics entering the environment globally.

    Despite the scale of the issue, tyre particles have flown under the radar. Often lumped in with other microplastics, they are rarely treated as a distinct pollution category, yet their unique characteristics demand a different approach.
    TUHO
    TUHO --- ---
    +2
    Diana Urge-VorsatzDiana Urge-Vorsatz
    • 2nd • 2nd Vice Chair of the IPCC, Professor at Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, Central European University
    2h • 2 hours ago

    After immensely hard work and many sleepless hours, the IPCC can be very proud to have the planned content of all the products of the Seventh Assessment hashtag#AR7 cycle agreed on.

    At the same time, I need to register my concerns about the future of both the IPCC as well as our global climate based on certain trends that the changes in the outlines signal.

    It is concerning that key words that formed the backbone of previous reports, assessments that were consistent and among the most used components of ARs cycle after cycle after cycle were not accepted to be included in the outlines.

    Key scientific concepts, such as hashtag#policies, hashtag#exPostEvaluation, hashtag#scenarios, hashtag#pathways, hashtag#infrastructure, national and subnational [policies], hashtag#lockin, hashtag#maladaptation, hashtag#targets, hashtag#goals, hashtag#NDCs, hashtag#fossilfuels, hashtag#subsidies, cost of inaction, hashtag#UNFCCC, hashtag#ParisAgreement, trade, conflict, market-based [instruments], non-state actors, hashtag#electrification, policy packages, acceleration, hashtag#overshoot, environmental impacts, hashtag#attribution, future emission trends, among others – have been questioned and either cut or replaced in many places, many of these key words do not appear any more in the outline of one WG.

    Some words, like the hashtag#ParisAgreement, acceleration, pathways, that form important parts of one working group’s agreed outline, were considered as too policy prescriptive in another working group and were excluded.

    In the cycle when we may officially exceed 1.5C global warming and thus the goal of the Agreement signed by virtually all governments, the IPCC will significantly compromise its policy relevance if it cannot focus its assessment, among all the other crucial topics well reflected in the outlines, also on knowledge and science related to NDCs, the Paris Agreement, accelerating not only adaptation but also mitigation action, comprehensive (and policy neutral) ex-post evaluation of policies.

    Without a robust assessment of the exponentially growing experience and knowledge on the topics relevant to our global efforts, we are jeopardizing the effectiveness of these crucial multilateral processes – that have so far taken us off of the worst climate pathways since the PA, and that have helped catalyse important achievements such as loss and damage funds and other financial instruments.

    We could also jeopardise the very existence of multilateralism about climate change. As already signalled by recent events and trends – if the perspectives and efforts of some parties are poorly reflected, if the relevance of IPCC reports to a crucial part of the global discourse is compromised – it is increasingly concerning how long some parties can still uphold their strong moral (and financial) commitment to not only IPCC but also the multilateral processes such as the UNFCCC, considering the shifts in preferences of their voters.

    This is a risk to all of us.

    Disclaimer: These are my personal views and not those of the IPCC
    SHEFIK
    SHEFIK --- ---
    +2
    Farmers Sue Agriculture Department Over 'Purge' of Climate Information - Newsweek
    https://www.newsweek.com/farmers-sue-agriculture-department-climate-information-government-website-2035619

    Gillingham told Newsweek that many farmers rely on the USDA site for information on climate-smart farming practices and technical assistance for grants and loans designed to help farmers adapt to climate impacts such as drought, floods and changes in growing seasons.
    ...
    This isn't a political agenda," Gillingham said. "We're trying to feed the country, and to take science and information and potential funding resources away from farmers is ludicrous."

    The nonprofit environmental group Earthjustice filed a suit Monday on behalf of the organic farming association and two environmental organizations, the Environmental Working Group and the Natural Resources Defense Council.

    Earthjustice associate attorney Jeffrey Stein said that following an executive order by President Donald Trump reversing climate policies, the USDA began removing climate-related interactive tools, data sets, guides and policy statements.
    ROGER_WILCO
    ROGER_WILCO --- ---
    +3
    Jan Umsonst https://www.facebook.com/taoist.attack/posts/3422485977881946
    ·
    A look on the Southern Ocean marine heatwaves - doesn't look good, as they are also intensifying...
    Our main problem: ocean heat uptake remained even during the El Nino 2023/24 on record levels - insane the numbers of the last years!
    Important for this post: During La Ninas the oceans take up much more heat than during El Ninos.
    The central to eastern tropical Pacific being colder than normal during La NInas supports ocean heat uptake over the abnormal cold areas. During El Ninos the opposite happens as the oceans loose vast amounts of heat to the atmosphere during El Ninos when the central to eastern tropical Pacific is warmer than normal.
    The high rates of ocean heat uptake during the triple La Nina from 2020 to 2022 are thought to be one reason behind the exceptional ocean surface warming during 2023/24. Some of the take up heat resurfaced into the upper mixed layer during 2023/24 which caused this exceptional surface warming signal. The El Nino in 2023/24 played here a large role.
    Still the signal of heat resurfacing had been exceptional.
    But now we have the problem that ocean heat uptake did not decline or reversed during 2023/24 when we had the last El Nino emitting vast amounts of energy into the atmosphere.
    The rates of ocean heat uptake had been similar in 2023/24 to 2020-22, which should not be possible, at least not back on back...
    Lets talk about numbers...
    The numbers of ocean heat uptake (IAP/CAS dataset) in 2021 of 15Zj, 2022 of 19Zj, 2023 of 16Zj and 2024 of 16ZJ (1) have to be seen in relation to these numbers:
    Regardless of which estimate is used, there has been a two- to three- fold increase in the rate of increase in OHC since the late 1980s. For example, according to the IAP analy- sis, the OHC trend for 1958–1985 is 3.1 ± 0.5 ZJ yr−1, and since 1986, the OHC trend is 9.2 ± 0.5 ZJ yr−1 (Fig. 2). The IAP trend within 1958–1985 of 3.1 ± 0.5 ZJ yr−1 is higher than the previous release in Cheng et al. (2023) (2.3 ± 0.5 ZJ yr−1), mainly because the new inclusion of the bottle data bias correction. After 2007, with better global coverage of ocean subsurface data, OHC uncertainty is reduced. There is a significant warming trend of 10.8 ± 1.2 ZJ yr−1 and 10.3 ± 0.8 ZJ yr−1 from 2007–2023 for IAP/CAS and NCEI/NOAA (seasonal time series), respectively (Fig. 2). The NCEI three-month OHC estimate has a slightly stronger trend than the pentadal time series from 2005 to 2020, indicating the impact of sam- pling changes associated with the mapping approach. (2)
    (1) New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023"; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00376-024-3378-5
    (2) "Record High Temperatures in the Ocean in 2024"; https://link.springer.com/.../10.1007/s00376-025-4541-3...
    These studies are important for what happens in the oceans (read them in the order):
    (1) "New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indichttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00376-024-3378-5
    (2) "A Glimpse into the Future: The 2023 Ocean Temperature and Sea Ice Extremes in the Context of Longer-Term Climate Change "; https://journals.ametsoc.org/.../105/3/BAMS-D-23-0209.1.xml
    (3) "Record High Temperatures in the Ocean in 2024"; https://link.springer.com/.../10.1007/s00376-025-4541-3...
    (4) "Quantifying the acceleration of multidecadal global sea surface warming driven by Earth's energy imbalance"; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/adaa8a
    "Drivers of the 2023 record shattering marine heat extreme in the North Atlantic"; https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-5046018/v1
    TUHO
    TUHO --- ---
    +1
    YMLADRIS: No, tak je to v tom clanku napsany.

    2.3. Conflict and negative emissions technologies
    Only recently has a first framework been constructed to elucidate the potential geopolitical dimensions of negative emissions technologies as a broad suite of large-scale energy production, resource usage, carbon storage, and land-use systems [58]. Direct air capture approaches rely on massive energy costs which could be coupled with either existing fossil-fuel or novel renewable infrastructures - possessing the potential to entrench or reorient the global carbon economy and its geopolitics [59,60]. Meanwhile, land-use approaches (large-scale forestry or agricultural management) by necessity entail heavy spatial and resource usage as well as pose inequities and trade-offs for the populations currently resident on or adjacent to the land [61]. Ocean based and marine carbon removal, and even the protection of coral reefs for ecosystem restoration, could also intersect with fisheries conflicts around the world [62].
    This deliberately geopolitical focus on various aspects of negative emissions and carbon removal is nascent, but raises issues highlighted by antecedent conflicts in global food systems. These studies cite land-grabs and ownership conflicts, the food versus ethanol dilemma (e.g. the 2005 global food crisis), “phantom commodities”, the consequences of shifting prices in one-resource economies, and other issues and challenges confronting rural, smallholder communities – often accompanied by the particular pressures experienced by indigenous populations, or in the global South [[63], [64], [65]]. Others cite extractive industries in energy and other natural resources as relevant antecedents, raising questions of hazardous siting and carbon infrastructure lock-in [66]. As carbon removal technologies and their related approaches are looking beyond the terrestrial and into coastal and oceanic environments, some are increasingly concerned that the same logics of exploitation and conflict more familiar in the former could be repeated [67,68].
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