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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
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    Prima píseň k dnešnímu výročí "dobývání Měsíce".
    Public Service Broadcasting - Go!
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BHIo6qwJarI&feature=youtu.be
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    Celebrating Viking: Gilbert Levin Recalls the Search for Life on Mars - The Crux
    http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/.../20/celebrating-viking-gilbert-levin-life-on-mars/#.V4_CZLt95hE
    Forty years ago today, the first of two landing probes of NASA’s Project Viking touched down on planet Mars.
    Discover contributor Dr. David Warmflash spoke with Dr. Gilbert Levin, whose Labeled Release (LR) experiment
    was one of three instruments delivered by the Viking landers to look for Martian microorganisms in 1976.

    At age 92, Levin is the only survivor of the three biology experimenters and he’s looking ahead to 2020 when
    he hopes to have another instrument on the Martian surface looking for life.



    Forty Years Ago, We Landed On Mars... And Found Life?
    http://www.forbes.com/...g/2016/07/19/forty-years-ago-we-landed-on-mars-and-found-life/#55c240f416a9
    Forty years ago, for the first time, a spacecraft from Earth willfully landed on the Martian surface, and looked for signs of life.
    One of the experiments came back with a positive result, and those results are still open to interpretation. The question of whether
    there’s microscopic life on Mars is still an open, unanswered one, as no strong conclusion has been reached either way.

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    Protoplanets Collision Modulation
    4D2U Project Website : Download
    http://4d2u.nao.ac.jp/t/var/download/GiantImpact_e.html
    In the region where the terrestrial planets formed in our Solar System, about ten to 20 Mars-sized protoplanets
    formed first through the accretion of planetsimals. Our terrestrial planets are thought to have been formed through
    collisions among these protoplanets. These collisions are called “giant impacts,” and Earth and Venus likely experienced
    many giant impacts. In particular, the final giant impact on Earth created our Moon. This video shows a typical giant
    impact between two Mars-sized protoplanets, which likely happened early in the giant impact stage.

    原始惑星の巨大衝突
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9aN59dsUUc
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    Hubble Makes First Measurements of Earth-Sized Exoplanet Atmospheres
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XV0UE5Gb_Y
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    A GMTelescope site map, to add some perspective to all of the exciting progress updates we’ve been sharing!

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    Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System: NASA's Hubble Telescope makes first atmospheric study of Earth-sized exoplanets
    https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/...le-telescope-makes-first-atmospheric-study-of-earth-sized-exoplanets/
    Using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have conducted the first search for atmospheres around temperate, Earth-sized
    planets beyond our solar system and found indications that increase the chances of habitability on two exoplanets.

    Specifically, they discovered that the exoplanets TRAPPIST-1b and TRAPPIST-1c, approximately 40 light-years away, are unlikely
    to have puffy, hydrogen-dominated atmospheres usually found on gaseous worlds.

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    Significant Incidents and Close Calls in Human Spaceflight
    Home
    http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/outreach/SignificantIncidents/index.html
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    BepiColombo mission to Mercury on track for April 2018 launch
    http://phys.org/news/2016-07-bepicolombo-mission-mercury-track-april.html
    Humanity's next visitor to the solar system's innermost planet remains on track for April 2018, according to the project's scientist. The BepiColombo mission,
    being developed jointly by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), is currently ahead of final acceptance tests that
    will prepare it for shipment to the launch site.

    "BepiColombo is on track for launch in 2018. At the moment we are preparing for some final acceptance tests. On our 'Mercury Transport Module' (MTM) we need to
    finish the installation of some late deliveries and then the module has to undergo a thermal verification and thermal balance test. This is to prove that the
    thermal shielding of this spacecraft module works as predicted by the models," Johannes Benkhoff, BepiColombo project scientist at ESA, told Astrowatch.net.

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    New dwarf planet beyond Pluto hints at no Planet Nine — Starts With A Bang! — Medium
    https://medium.com/.../new-dwarf-planet-beyond-pluto-hints-at-no-planet-nine-861e88c60e43#.c84p484aa
    New dwarf planet beyond Pluto hints at no Planet Nine
    If you thought the Kuiper belt was just icy worlds of various sizes orbiting like Pluto, think again.

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    Here’s how the world could end—and what we can do about it | Science | AAAS
    http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/07/here-s-how-world-could-end-and-what-we-can-do-about-it
    In a dingy apartment building, insulated by layers of hanging rugs, the last family on Earth huddles around a fire, melting a pot of oxygen.
    Ripped from the sun’s warmth by a rogue dark star, the planet has been exiled to the cold outer reaches of the solar system. The lone clan
    of survivors must venture out into the endless night to harvest frozen atmospheric gases that have piled up like snow.

    As end-of-humanity scenarios go, that bleak vision from Fritz Leiber’s 1951 short story “A Pail of Air” is a fairly remote possibility. Scholars
    who ponder such things think a self-induced catastrophe such as nuclear war or a bioengineered pandemic is most likely to do us in. However,
    a number of other extreme natural hazards—including threats from space and geologic upheavals here on Earth—could still derail life as we
    know it, unraveling advanced civilization, wiping out billions of people, or potentially even exterminating our species.

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    A Debate Over The Physics Of Time | Quanta Magazine
    https://www.quantamagazine.org/20160719-time-and-cosmology/
    According to our best theories of physics, the universe is a fixed block where time only appears to pass.
    Yet a number of physicists hope to replace this “block universe” with a physical theory of time.
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    Oxygen-starved oceans held back life's recovery after Great Dying, Stanford researchers find
    http://news.stanford.edu/2016/02/17/anoxia-ocean-life-021716/
    Oxygen-starved oceans held back life's recovery after the Great Dying, Stanford researchers find
    Analysis of ancient seabed rocks from disparate locations reveal that life did not rebound until anoxia had fully ebbed.

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    If the agency wants to search for and analyze Earth-like planets in other solar systems, the telescope it designs and builds
    will have to be orders of magnitude more stable than anything launched to date, including the James Webb Space Telescope.
    - Babak Saif, NASA Goddard optics specialist

    Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System: The next generation of telescopes are almost impossibly accurate
    https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/...371/the-next-generation-of-telescopes-are-almost-impossibly-accurate/

    A direct, to-scale, comparison between the primary mirrors of the Hubble Space Telescope,
    James Webb Space Telescope, and the proposed High Definition Space Telescope (HDST).

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    Eeeech...
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    Some earthquakes on San Andreas Fault triggered by gravitational tug of sun and moon | Geology Page
    http://www.geologypage.com/2016/07/some-earthquakes-on-san-andreas-fault.html
    The gravitational tug between the sun and moon is not just a dance of high and low tides:
    It can also trigger a special kind of earthquake on the San Andreas Fault.

    This phenomenon has fascinated scientists for years. Like sea levels, the surface of the Earth also goes up and down with the tides,
    flexing the crust and stressing the faults inside. Further study found that during certain phases of the tidal cycle, small tremors
    deep underground - known as low-frequency earthquakes - were more likely to occur.

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    70 Years Ago, the U.S. Military Set Off a Nuke Underwater, And It Went Very Badly | Atlas Obscura
    http://www.atlasobscura.com/...-ago-the-us-military-set-off-a-nuke-underwater-and-it-went-very-badly
    70 Years Ago, the U.S. Military Set Off a Nuke Underwater, And It Went Very Badly
    Then they tried it four more times.

    Operation Crossroads (Baker Event 1946)
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=JvjmsU48TSc
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    Hi-C to Show the Sun’s Corona in Sharp Detail | NASA
    http://www.nasa.gov/...ll/news/news/releases/2016/hi-c-to-show-the-sun-s-corona-in-sharp-detail.html
    Update ( 3 p.m. EDT, July 19, 2016) – The launch of the Hi-C payload on a NASA Black Brant IX suborbital sounding rocket has been postponed. A new launch
    date has not been determined. The team discovered a potential payload system issue during pre-launch testing. The team is currently assessing the problem.

    NASA and its partners are getting ready to launch a rocket-borne camera to the edge of space at 12:36 p.m. Mountain time on July 19, 2016, on its second
    flight to study the sun. The clarity of images returned will provide scientists around the world with clues to one of the biggest questions in heliophysics
    – why the sun’s atmosphere, or corona, is so much hotter than its surface.
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