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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
    VIRGO
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    News | Mars Volcano, Earth's Dinosaurs Went Extinct About the Same Time
    https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2017-076

    New NASA research reveals that the giant Martian volcano Arsia Mons produced one new lava flow at its summit every 1 to 3 million years
    during the final peak of activity. The last volcanic activity there ceased about 50 million years ago - around the time of Earth's
    Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction, when large numbers of our planet's plant and animal species (including dinosaurs) went extinct.

    Located just south of Mars' equator, Arsia Mons is the southernmost member of a trio of broad, gently sloping shield volcanoes collectively
    known as Tharsis Montes. Arsia Mons was built up over billions of years, though the details of its lifecycle are still being worked out.
    The most recent volcanic activity is thought to have taken place in the caldera-the bowl-shaped depression at the top - where 29 volcanic
    vents have been identified. Until now, it's been difficult to make a precise estimate of when this volcanic field was active.

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    +3
    The Ultimate Space Telescope Would Use the Sun as a Gravitational Lens | Daily Planet | Air & Space Magazine
    http://www.airspacemag.com/daily-planet/ultimate-space-telescope-would-use-sun-lens-180962499/

    Leon Alkalai from the Jet Propulsion Lab and his co-authors have picked up an earlier suggestion from Italian physicist Claudio Maccone to use our Sun,
    rather than a distant star, to create what might be the ultimate telescope based on the microlensing principle. Alkalai’s team has investigated the viability
    of the method in detail as a breakthrough mission concept. They also presented their findings at NASA’s recent Planetary Science Vision 2050 workshop.

    VIRGO
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    NASA selects Medium-scale space mission concepts (inc a Starshade rdv) to study for 2020 Astrophysics Decadal Survey
    Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System: NASA Selects Medium-scale Space Mission Concepts to Study for 2020 Astrophysics Decadal Survey
    https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/...space-mission-concepts-to-study-for-2020-astrophysics-decadal-survey/

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    The Real Expanse - Scientific American Blog Network
    https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/life-unbounded/the-real-expanse/
    VIRGO
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    A Journey to Alpha Centauri - Christian Marois (SETI Talks 2017)
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5rInKFFdUs
    VIRGO
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    Telescope Sets Sights on Universe's First Stars - Scientific American
    https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/telescope-sets-sights-on-universes-first-stars/
    New funding will help the HERA observatory to peer deeper into the cosmic past than ever before

    A newly announced $5.8 million grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation will allow the HERA team to increase the number of antennas
    in the array from 240 to 350, boosting the telescope's collecting area by almost 50 percent, according to a statement from the Massachusetts
    Institute of Technology (MIT), home to scientists in the HERA collaboration. A $9.5 million grant from the National Science Foundation
    in 2016 helped the HERA team increase the number of antennas from 19 to 240.

    VIRGO
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    NASA's Swift Mission Maps a Star's 'Death Spiral' into a Black Hole
    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/swift-maps-a-stars-death-spiral-into-a-black-hole

    Some 290 million years ago, a star much like the sun wandered too close to the central black hole of its galaxy.
    Intense tides tore the star apart, which produced an eruption of optical, ultraviolet and X-ray light that first
    reached Earth in 2014. Now, a team of scientists using observations from NASA's Swift satellite have mapped out
    how and where these different wavelengths were produced in the event, named ASASSN-14li, as the shattered
    star's debris circled the black hole.

    Swift Charts a Star's 'Death Spiral' into Black Hole
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6rZv9ylWqK8
    VIRGO
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    New Detector Could Soon Narrow Down Gravitational Wave Sources - Scientific American
    https://www.scientificamerican.com/...ew-detector-could-soon-narrow-down-gravitational-wave-sources/
    Two U.S. detectors will soon be joined by an instrument in Italy that could help solve the mystery of where gravitational waves originate

    This spring physicists are gearing up to turn back on a third gravitational-wave detector, called Virgo, near the Italian city of Pisa.
    Virgo was offline and undergoing upgrades when LIGO received its two signals in September 2015. With a trio of these giant instruments running,
    scientists hope to significantly improve efforts to determine the sources of gravitational waves. A speedy response to a “triple hit”—the same
    waves deforming all three detectors—could enable ground-based telescopes to focus on a triangulated area of sky constrained by the detectors
    and possibly spot the collisions from which the waves emanate.

    VIRGO
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    Mysterious water-like streaks on Mars might be sand flows instead | New Scientist
    https://www.newscientist.com/...5-mysterious-water-like-streaks-on-mars-might-be-sand-flows-instead/

    The mysterious dark flows on Mars may not be water after all. Instead, they could be rivulets of sand,
    set in motion by sunlight on the Martian surface.

    The dark streaks form on Mars’s slopes during warm seasons, and are known as recurring slope lineae. While there is no direct evidence
    of water near these areas, the leading theory is that they are caused by briny water streaming down the sides of craters and hills.

    “These effects happen at the hottest times in the hottest locations, so there’s part of your brain that immediately tells you that it
    should be ice melting,” says Sylvain Piqueux at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena, California. “The problem is, it’s really hard
    to melt ice on Mars.” It’s easier for the ice to turn directly into water vapour, he says.

    Some models suggest that recurring slope lineae could be made of water condensing out of the atmosphere,
    but Mars’s atmosphere isn’t humid enough to account for what we see.

    VIRGO
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    +1
    ZUULLUU: Taky přidám jeden čerstvý..

    Defying cosmic convention | ESA/Hubble
    http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1712a/

    VIRGO
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    Astronomers investigate a mysterious isolated star cluster complex
    https://phys.org/news/2017-03-astronomers-mysterious-isolated-star-cluster.html

    Astronomers have inspected a mysterious isolated star cluster complex designated SH2 in the galaxy NGC 1316 (also known as Fornax A).
    The results of their study, which were published Mar. 1 in a paper on arXiv.org, reveal important insights into the nature of this complex,
    providing crucial information about its origin.

    Located some 62 million years away in the constellation Fornax, NGC 1316 is one of the brightest radio sources in the sky, classified as
    a lenticular radio galaxy. While the galaxy is dominated by old and intermediate-age stars, it shows signs of previous galaxy interactions.
    However, the only indicator of current star formation in this galaxy is the HII region SH2.

    This peculiar isolated star cluster complex is located in the southern outskirts of NGC 1316. With a ring-like morphology and an estimated
    age of about 100 million years, SH2 contains approximately 100 young star clusters. Although this complex has been the subject of few studies
    in the past, its origin still remains a mystery.

    VIRGO
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    Does Mars Have Rings? Not Right Now, But Maybe One Day
    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/does-mars-have-rings-not-right-now-but-maybe-one-day

    As children, we learned about our solar system's planets by certain characteristics -- Jupiter is the largest, Saturn has rings, Mercury is
    closest to the sun. Mars is red, but it's possible that one of our closest neighbors also had rings at one point and may have them again someday.

    That's the theory put forth by NASA-funded scientists at Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, whose findings were published in the journal
    Nature Geoscience. David Minton and Andrew Hesselbrock developed a model that suggests that debris that was pushed into space from an asteroid or
    other body slamming into Mars around 4.3 billion years ago alternates between becoming a planetary ring and clumping together to form a moon.

    One theory suggests that Mars' large North Polar Basin or Borealis Basin - which covers about 40 percent of the planet in its northern hemisphere -
    was created by that impact, sending debris into space.

    VIRGO
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    Near-Earth asteroid 2017 FK very close encounter: an image (20 Mar. 2017) - The Virtual Telescope Project 2.0
    http://www.virtualtelescope.eu/.../20/near-earth-asteroid-2017-fk-close-encounter-image-20-mar-2017/

    The near-Earth asteroid 2017 FK was discovered by the Mt. Lemmon Survey in Arizona (USA) on 17 March 2017.
    Today it had a very close, but safe encounter with the Earth (about 650.000 km).

    VIRGO
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    English Portal - The rotation axes of stars tell us about how they were born
    http://www.cea.fr/...ish/Pages/News/The-rotation-axes-of-stars-tell-us-about-how-they-were-born.aspx

    Using asteroseismology, an international research team including CEA, CNRS and the Université Grenoble-Alpes discovered a surprising alignment
    of the rotation axes of stars in open clusters, shedding light on the conditions in which stars are formed in our galaxy. Using data from Nasa's
    Kepler mission, this result was obtained by studying a group of red giants in two old open clusters in the Milky Way. It was published on 13 March
    2017 on the front page of Nature Astronomy.

    VIRGO
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    Neutron Star Binary Mergers
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_R0mCWaSmao
    VIRGO
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    +1
    Rover Crushes A Small Dark Rock

    Near the end of its drive on mission Sol 1636 Curiosity drove its front right wheel onto a small mudstone outcrop, before reversing off a short
    distance to its end of drive location. While driving onto the outcrop, a small dark rock appears to have been crushed by the rover's wheel, the
    edge of the mudstone outcrop was also slightly damaged. This damage allows the rover team to see the interesting interiors. The team commanding
    the rover to target the damaged area with its Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI camera) and created this focus merged close-up. We can see small
    voids in the small dark rock. so it will be interesting to see how the geologists interpret the rock type.

    Curiosity performed that focus merge on the 17th of March 2017, Sol 1639. The reported focus motor count position was 13648 and has been used to
    calculate the scale bar, I have added a checkered border to the image using the same scale, each unit of that scale is equal to one millimeter.

    https://www.flickr.com/photos/105796482@N04/33365889822/sizes/o

    VIRGO
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    More Unusual Light Curves from Kepler
    http://aasnova.org/2017/03/17/more-unusual-light-curves-from-kepler/

    Twenty-three new objects have been added to the growing collection of stars observed to have unusual dips
    in their light curves. A recent study examines these stars and the potential causes of their strange behavior.

    VIRGO
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    Cosmological ruler could help us get the measure of dark energy | New Scientist
    https://www.newscientist.com/...950-cosmological-ruler-could-help-us-get-the-measure-of-dark-energy/

    Measuring cosmological distances is tricky at the best of times, but it is even harder if your ruler isn’t up to scratch. A new cosmological
    standard ruler could make the difference – and help astrophysicists figure out why the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate.

    Ever since we realised that the universe’s expansion is accelerating – a discovery that won Adam Riess and his colleagues the 2011 Nobel prize
    in physics – we have been trying to work out why. The phenomenon is usually put down to the existence of dark energy, a mysterious force that
    appears to be pushing the universe’s matter further and further apart.

    Accurate measurements of how the distance between clusters of galaxies has changed over time could tell us whether the effect of dark energy
    on the universe is increasing. But our current way of measuring this has a problem: it relies on assumptions that are difficult to check.
    VIRGO
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    ALMA's ability to see a 'cosmic hole' confirmed
    https://phys.org/news/2017-03-alma-ability-cosmic-hole.html

    Researchers using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) successfully imaged a radio "hole" around a galaxy cluster 4.8 billion light-years away.
    This is the highest resolution image ever taken of such a hole caused by the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZ effect). The image proves ALMA's high capability to
    investigate the distribution and temperature of gas around galaxy clusters through the SZ effect.

    A research team led by Tetsu Kitayama, Toho University, Japan, and Eiichiro Komatsu, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Germany, used ALMA to investigate the hot
    gas in a galaxy cluster. The hot gas is a key component to understand the nature and evolution of galaxy clusters. Even though the hot gas does not emit radio waves
    itself, which would be detectable with ALMA, the gas scatters the radio waves of the Cosmic Microwave Background and makes a "hole" around the galaxy cluster. This
    is called the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (Note).

    The team observed the galaxy cluster RX J1347.5-1145 located 4.8 billion light-years away. This galaxy cluster is well known among astronomers for its strong SZ
    effect and has been observed many times with radio telescopes. These observations revealed an uneven distribution of the hot gas in this galaxy cluster, which was
    not seen in X-ray observations. Astronomers therefore needed higher resolution observations; these however, were difficult to obtain with high-resolution radio
    interferometers as the hot gas in galaxy clusters is relatively smooth and widely-distributed.

    VIRGO
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    Elon Musk & Neil Tyson say reality may be a simulation. Sabine Hossenfelder explains why they're probably wrong.

    Backreaction: No, we probably don’t live in a computer simulation
    http://backreaction.blogspot.cz/2017/03/no-we-probably-dont-live-in-computer.html
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