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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Inside China's Supermassive Alien-Searching Radio Dish - Motherboard
    https://motherboard.vice.com/...article/8xagza/inside-chinas-supermassive-alien-searching-radar-dish

    The 500 meter wide FAST dish has made a poor rural province the center of China's search for extraterrestrial life.
    But how likely is it the telescope will indeed start intercepting alien messages?

    VIRGO
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    How to Find an Inhabited Exoplanet
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8f5wV4KRZXU
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Chandra Peers into a Nurturing Cloud | NASA
    https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/images/chandra-peers-into-a-nurturing-cloud.html

    The giant molecular cloud known as W51 is one of the closest to Earth at a distance of about 17,000 light years. Because of its
    relative proximity, W51 provides astronomers with an excellent opportunity to study how stars are forming in our Milky Way galaxy.

    A new composite image of W51 shows the high-energy output from this stellar nursery, where X-rays from Chandra are colored blue.
    In about 20 hours of Chandra exposure time, over 600 young stars were detected as point-like X-ray sources, and diffuse X-ray emission
    from interstellar gas with a temperature of a million degrees or more was also observed. Infrared light observed with NASA’s Spitzer
    Space Telescope appears orange and yellow-green and shows cool gas and stars surrounded by disks of cool material.

    A Tour of W51
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rwrQsXWpXSw
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    NASA's Juno Spacecraft Completes Flyby over Jupiter’s Great Red Spot
    https://www.nasa.gov/...ture/jpl/nasas-juno-spacecraft-completes-flyby-over-jupiter-s-great-red-spot

    The Great Red Spot is a 10,000-mile-wide (16,000-kilometer-wide) storm that has been monitored since 1830 and
    has possibly existed for more than 350 years. In modern times, the Great Red Spot has appeared to be shrinking.

    Juno reached perijove (the point at which an orbit comes closest to Jupiter's center) on July 10 at 6:55 p.m.
    PDT (9:55 p.m. EDT). At the time of perijove, Juno was about 2,200 miles (3,500 kilometers) above the planet's
    cloud tops. Eleven minutes and 33 seconds later, Juno had covered another 24,713 miles (39,771 kilometers), and
    was passing directly above the coiling crimson cloud tops of the Great Red Spot. The spacecraft passed about
    5,600 miles (9,000 kilometers) above the clouds of this iconic feature.

    Awesome animation processing of JunoCam data from Perijove 5 & 6 combine by Sean Doran.
    https://www.flickr.com/photos/136797589@N04/35861846835/

    Last JUNO perijove - GRS flyby in animation from Glitch Black.
    Glitch Black — JUNO’S JUPITER FLYBY
    http://glitchblackmusic.tumblr.com/post/162904544221/junos-jupiter-flyby



    The first images of Jupiter's Great Red Spot by Juno as taken during the latest perijove.
    https://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/junocam/processing/



    This illustration depicts NASA's Juno spacecraft in orbit above Jupiter’s Great Red Spot. Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech

    VIRGO
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    New 'hot Jupiter' with short orbital period discovered
    https://phys.org/news/2017-07-hot-jupiter-short-orbital-period.html

    An international team of astronomers reports the discovery of a new "hot Jupiter" exoplanet with a short orbital period
    of just three and a half days. The newly detected giant planet, designated KELT-20b, circles a rapidly rotating star known
    as HD 185603 (or KELT-20). The finding was presented in a paper published July 5 on arXiv.org.

    The new planet was identified by a group of researchers led by Michael Lund of the Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee.
    The astronomers observed HD 185603 using the KELT-North telescope in Arizona to identify the initial transit signal of a potential
    planet. The observations were made as part of the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) survey, which is dedicated to
    searching for transiting exoplanets around bright stars.

    VIRGO
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    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/nasas-sdo-watches-a-sunspot-turn-toward-earth

    An active region on the sun — an area of intense and complex magnetic fields — has rotated into view on the sun and seems to be growing
    rather quickly in this video captured by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory between July 5-11, 2017. Such sunspots are a common occurrence
    on the sun, but are less frequent as we head toward solar minimum, which is the period of low solar activity during its regular approximately
    11-year cycle. This sunspot is the first to appear after the sun was spotless for two days, and it is the only sunspot group at this moment.
    Like freckles on the face of the sun, they appear to be small features, but size is relative: The dark core of this sunspot is actually
    larger than Earth.

    NASA’s SDO Watches a Sunspot Turn Toward Earth
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNng0KrNUuI
    VIRGO
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    National Optical Astronomy Observatory Press Release: Distant Galaxies ‘Lift the Veil’ on the End of the Cosmic Dark Ages
    https://www.noao.edu/news/2017/pr1703.php

    Astronomers studying the distant Universe have found that small star-forming galaxies were abundant when the Universe was only 800 million years old,
    a few percent of its present age. The results suggest that the earliest galaxies, which illuminated and ionized the Universe, formed at even earlier times.

    Long ago, about 300,000 years after the beginning of the Universe (the Big Bang), the Universe was dark. There were as yet no stars and galaxies, and
    the Universe was filled with neutral hydrogen gas. At some point the first galaxies appeared, and their energetic radiation ionized their surroundings,
    the intergalactic gas, illuminating and transforming the Universe.

    VIRGO
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    Smallest-ever star discovered by astronomers | University of Cambridge
    https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/smallest-ever-star-discovered-by-astronomers

    The smallest star yet measured has been discovered by a team of astronomers led by the University of Cambridge. With a size just a sliver
    larger than that of Saturn, the gravitational pull at its stellar surface is about 300 times stronger than what humans feel on Earth.

    These very small and dim stars are also the best possible candidates for detecting Earth-sized planets which can have liquid water on their
    surfaces, such as TRAPPIST-1, an ultracool dwarf surrounded by seven temperate Earth-sized worlds.

    The newly-measured star, called EBLM J0555-57Ab, is located about six hundred light years away. It is part of a binary system, and was
    identified as it passed in front of its much larger companion, a method which is usually used to detect planets, not stars. Details will
    be published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Space Images | 'Ireson Hill' on Mount Sharp, Mars
    https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=pia21718

    Curiosity has begun its long-anticipated study of an iron-bearing ridge forming a distinctive layer on the mountain's slope.

    Since before Curiosity's landing five years ago next month, this feature has been recognized as one of four unique terrains
    on lower Mount Sharp and therefore a key mission destination. Curiosity's science team informally named it "Vera Rubin Ridge"
    this year, commemorating astronomer Vera Cooper Rubin (1928-2016).

    "Our Vera Rubin Ridge campaign has begun," said Curiosity Project Scientist Ashwin Vasavada of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
    Pasadena, California. "Curiosity is driving parallel to the ridge, below it, observing it from different angles as we work our
    way toward a safe route to the top of the ridge."

    VIRGO
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    Syfy - Bad Astronomy | The farthest star
    http://www.syfy.com/syfywire/the-farthest-star

    Due to a quirk of cosmic geometry, astronomers have detected the light
    from the farthest individual star ever seen. How far away is it?

    Over nine billion light-years away. A single star, from that distance.

    VIRGO
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    Tak kryotestování začíná!

    https://www.nasa.gov/...e/goddard/2017/nasa-closes-chamber-a-door-to-commence-webb-telescope-testing
    The vault-like, 40-foot diameter, 40-ton door of NASA's Johnson Space Center’s historic Chamber A sealed shut on July 10,
    2017, signaling the beginning of about 100 days of cryogenic testing for NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope in Houston.

    VIRGO
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    https://www.nasa.gov/...ture/jpl/nasas-juno-spacecraft-completes-flyby-over-jupiter-s-great-red-spot

    NASA's Juno mission completed a close flyby of Jupiter and its Great Red Spot on July 10, during its sixth science orbit.

    All of Juno's science instruments and the spacecraft's JunoCam were operating during the flyby, collecting data that are now being returned to
    Earth. Juno's next close flyby of Jupiter will occur on Sept. 1. Raw images from the spacecraft’s latest flyby will be posted in coming days.

    "For generations people from all over the world and all walks of life have marveled over the Great Red Spot," said Scott Bolton, principal
    investigator of Juno from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. "Now we are finally going to see what this storm looks like up close
    and personal."

    The Great Red Spot is a 10,000-mile-wide (16,000-kilometer-wide) storm that has been monitored since 1830 and has possibly existed for more
    than 350 years. In modern times, the Great Red Spot has appeared to be shrinking.

    Juno reached perijove (the point at which an orbit comes closest to Jupiter's center) on July 10 at 6:55 p.m. PDT (9:55 p.m. EDT). At the time
    of perijove, Juno was about 2,200 miles (3,500 kilometers) above the planet's cloud tops. Eleven minutes and 33 seconds later, Juno had covered
    another 24,713 miles (39,771 kilometers), and was passing directly above the coiling crimson cloud tops of the Great Red Spot. The spacecraft
    passed about 5,600 miles (9,000 kilometers) above the clouds of this iconic feature.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    5 years after the Higgs boson, the Large Hadron Collider is just getting started | TechCrunch
    https://techcrunch.com/...s-after-the-higgs-boson-the-large-hadron-collider-is-just-getting-started/

    It’s been five years since physicists at CERN reported (in the understated manner typical of scientists)
    that they had observed a particle “consistent with the long-sought Higgs boson.”

    LHC experiments delve deeper into precision | CERN
    http://home.cern/about/updates/2017/07/lhc-experiments-delve-deeper-precision

    The world’s particle physics community is meeting this week in Venice (Italy) for the EPS International Conference
    on High Energy Physics. Dozens of new results from the full existing datasets of the Large Hadron Collider experiments
    are being presented for the first time.
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Big Bang Confirmed Again, This Time By The Universe's First Atoms
    https://www.forbes.com/...-bang-confirmed-again-this-time-by-the-universes-first-atoms/#673e0e79c22b

    The Big Bang is the leading theory as to where our Universe came from. The Universe was hotter, denser, more uniform, and smaller in the past,
    and is only as vast as it is today due to the fabric of expanding space. This idea was extremely controversial for many decades, until detailed
    observations of the leftover glow from that hot, early fireball was discovered and measured, in extraordinary agreement with the Big Bang's
    predictions. But there's another prediction the theory made: that in the Universe's first few minutes, precise amounts of hydrogen, deuterium,
    helium, and lithium would be created. Those predicted ratios are fixed by physics and non-negotiable, but difficult to measure. Thanks to new
    observations, both the helium and deuterium ratios are now measured, confirming the Big Bang once again.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Hidden Stars May Make Planets Appear Smaller
    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/hidden-stars-may-make-planets-appear-smaller

    In the search for planets similar to our own, an important point of comparison is the planet's density. A low density tells scientists
    a planet is more likely to be gaseous like Jupiter, and a high density is associated with rocky planets like Earth. But a new study
    suggests some are less dense than previously thought because of a second, hidden star in their systems.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Dark Matter Recipe Calls for One Part Superfluid | Quanta Magazine
    https://www.quantamagazine.org/dark-matter-recipe-calls-for-one-part-superfluid-20170613/

    A different kind of dark matter could help to resolve an old celestial conundrum.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/ua-astronomers-track-birth-superearth

    "Synthetic observations" simulating nascent planetary systems could help explain a puzzle that has vexed astronomers for a long time.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Y-Type Starssu201725 | www.cfa.harvard.edu/
    https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/su201725

    The surface temperatures and properties of brown dwarfs depend on their precise masses and ages, and range from a few thousand degrees down
    to a mere 200 kelvin (comparable to the Earth’s surface temperature) with the warmest group being designated as L Dwarfs, the next warmest
    group as T Dwarfs, and the coolest objects as Y Dwarfs. Not surprisingly, because they are so cool, brown dwarfs are faint and hard to detect,
    and so although theorists predict that there could be as many brown dwarf stars as there are normal stars our understanding of their evolution
    and interior properties is quite incomplete.

    NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), which was sensitive to the emission from cool objects, discovered the Y class of brown dwarfs
    in 2011, and today there are twenty-four of them known. CfA astronomer Caroline Morley and her colleagues used the Spitzer Space Telescope and
    the Gemini observatory, as well as some other facilities, to refine the distances, luminosities, colors, and spectral characteristics of these
    objects and compared the results to current models. The scientists determined the masses and ages for twenty-two of them, and confirmed that,
    at least for the slightly warmer Y-dwarfs (whose temperatures are around 450 kelvin) the cloud-free surface models agree with observations.

    VIRGO
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    Heart of an Exploded Star Observed in 3-D – National Radio Astronomy Observatory
    https://public.nrao.edu/news/2017-alma-dust-sn1987a/

    Deep inside the remains of an exploded star lies a twisted knot of newly minted molecules and dust. Using ALMA, astronomers mapped the location of these new molecules
    to create a high-resolution 3-D image of this “dust factory,” providing new insights into the relationship between a young supernova remnant and its galaxy.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Dark matter theory triumphs in sweeping new study – Starts With A Bang! – Medium
    https://medium.com/...rts-with-a-bang/dark-matter-theory-triumphs-in-sweeping-new-study-b7b026013da8

    When a phenomenon moves from “empirical correlation” to “theoretically explained,” that’s one of the biggest deals in science!

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