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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
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    What the ctenophore says about the evolution of intelligence | Aeon Essays
    https://aeon.co/essays/what-the-ctenophore-says-about-the-evolution-of-intelligence

    The ctenophore’s brain suggests that, if evolution began again, intelligence would re-emerge because nature repeats itself

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    Large fireball recorded over Krugersdorp, South Africa
    https://watchers.news/2017/08/23/large-fireball-recorded-over-krugersdorp-south-africa/

    A large fireball was observed and recorded over the South African
    city of Krugersdorp at 16:59 UTC (18:59 SAST) on August 22, 2017.

    Huge meteor over Krugersdorp, South Africa (22/08/2017)
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WlQo-NUNWNo


    Meteorite Over Johannesburg South Africa 15-06-2017
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jmhClpLXLnA
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    The first transiting exo-comets? | WASP Planets
    https://wasp-planets.net/2017/08/22/the-first-transiting-exo-comets/

    Transits of extra-solar planets are pretty routine these days, but planets are not the only bodies expected to be orbiting nearby stars.
    How about exo-comets? Unlike planets, comets are fuzzy and changeable, so exocomet transits would vary in shape and depth. A team led by
    Saul Rappaport have now searched the entire archive of Kepler lightcurves looking for dips that could be exocomet transits.

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    ‘Alien megastructure’ star may host Saturn-like exoplanet | New Scientist
    https://www.newscientist.com/...cle/2144869-alien-megastructure-star-may-host-saturn-like-exoplanet/

    The “alien megastructure” star that has been puzzling us for the past few years might have a more ordinary explanation:
    an orbiting Saturn-like planet, complete with wobbling rings.

    In 2015, a group led by Tabetha Boyajian, then of Yale University, found that a star called KIC 8462852 had dimmed several
    times over a few years in a way they couldn’t explain.
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    Elevated zinc and germanium levels bolster evidence for life on Mars - GeoSpace - AGU Blogosphere
    http://blogs.agu.org/geospace/2017/08/23/elevated-zinc-germanium-levels-bolster-evidence-life-mars/

    New data gathered by the Mars Curiosity rover indicates a potential history of hydrothermal activity on the red planet,
    broadening the variety of habitable conditions once present there, scientists report in a new study.

    Researchers found concentrations of the elements zinc and germanium to be 10 to 100 times greater in sedimentary rocks
    in Gale Crater compared to the typical Martian crust.

    Zinc and germanium tend to cluster together in high temperature fluids and often occur together on Earth in hydrothermal
    deposits containing sulfur. The elevated concentrations of zinc and germanium in Gale Crater can potentially be explained
    by hydrothermal activity that occurred in the region, according to Jeff Berger, a geologist at the University of Guelph,
    in Ontario, Canada and lead author of the new study published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, a journal of
    the American Geophysical Union.
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    Science Box 1: How Evolution Of Life Fits In 24 Hours
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AnWo4Gepm8
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    Jupí!
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    Black holes: scientists 'excited' by observations suggesting formation scenarios
    http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/latest/2017/08/black-holes-scientists-excited-by-observations.aspx

    Physicists have described how observations of gravitational waves limit the possible explanations for the formation
    of black holes outside of our galaxy; either they are spinning more slowly than black holes in our own galaxy or they
    spin rapidly but are ‘tumbled around’ with spins randomly oriented to their orbit.

    The paper, published in Nature, is based on data that came about following landmark observations of gravitational waves
    by the LIGO gravitational wave detector in 2015 and again in 2017.

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    Total Eclipse from Earth and Space. Stunning ground-based image by Will Gater combined with ESA/NASA/USNRL SOHO/LASCO C2+C3.

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    Exclusive: We may have detected a new kind of gravitational wave | New Scientist
    https://www.newscientist.com/...937-exclusive-we-may-have-detected-a-new-kind-of-gravitational-wave/

    Have we detected a new flavour of gravitational wave? Speculation is swelling that researchers have spotted
    the subtle warping of the fabric of space resulting from the cataclysmic collision of two neutron stars.

    Now optical telescopes – including the Hubble Space Telescope – are scrambling to point at the source of the
    possible wave: an elliptical galaxy hundreds of millions of light years away.

    Over the weekend, astronomer J. Craig Wheeler of the University of Texas at Austin launched speculation over
    a potential new LIGO detection by tweeting: “New LIGO. Source with optical counterpart. Blow your sox off!”

    By optical counterpart, he probably means that astronomers could observe light emitted by the gravitational
    wave source. This suggests the source is neutron stars as, unlike black holes, they can be seen in visible
    wavelengths. LIGO researchers have long-anticipated this possibility, setting up partnerships with optical
    observatories to rapidly follow-up on potential signals prior to formally announcing a discovery.

    LIGO spokesperson David Shoemaker dodged confirming or denying the rumours, saying only “A very exciting O2
    Observing run is drawing to a close August 25. We look forward to posting a top-level update at that time.”
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    Eclipse from 87000ft Timelapse
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8NdQfJnsDA
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    UChicago scientists detect first X-rays from mystery supernovas | UChicago News
    https://news.uchicago.edu/...e/2017/08/23/uchicago-scientists-detect-first-x-rays-mystery-supernovas

    Exploding stars lit the way for our understanding of the universe, but researchers are still in the dark about many of their features.

    A team of scientists, including scholars from the University of Chicago, appear to have found the first X-rays coming from type Ia supernovas.
    Their findings are published online Aug. 23 in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

    Astronomers are fond of type Ia supernovas, created when a white dwarf star in a two-star system undergoes a thermonuclear explosion,
    because they burn at a specific brightness. This allows scientists to calculate how far away they are from Earth, and thus to map distances
    in the universe. But a few years ago, scientists began to find type Ia supernovas with a strange optical signature that suggested they carried
    a very dense cloak of circumstellar material surrounding them.

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    Nejdetailnější snímek povrchu hvězdy a její atmosféry | ESO Česko
    http://www.eso.org/public/czechrepublic/news/eso1726/?lang

    První mapa pohybu hmoty v atmosféře jiné hvězdy než našeho Slunce

    Astronomům se s použitím interferometru ESO/VLTI podařilo získat dosud nejdetailnější snímek cizí hvězdy – rudého veleobra Antares.
    Pozorování jim rovněž umožnilo vytvořit první mapu zachycující rychlost pohybu hmoty v atmosféře jiné hvězdy, než je naše Slunce.
    Mapa odhalila nečekané turbulence v rozsáhlé atmosféře Antara. Výsledky byly publikovány ve vědeckém časopise Nature.

    ESOcast 123 Light: Best Ever Image of a Star’s Surface and Atmosphere (4K UHD)
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRy68WZtKrE



    Video začíná širokoúhlým pohledem na Mléčnou dráhu, patrné je i nápadné souhvězdí Štír. Následně se zaměřuje
    na nejjasnější hvězdu tohoto souhvězdí – rudého veleobra Antares. Závěrečná sekvence zachycuje nový snímek
    povrchu hvězdy Antares, který je dosud nejdetailnějším snímkem jiné hvězdy, kromě našeho Slunce, který byl
    pořízen pomocí interferometru VLTI.

    Zooming in on the red supergiant star Antares
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cw_IKaBokm0
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    Total Eclipse With NASA Jet. Taken by Dustin Huntington on August 21, 2017 @ Guernsey State Park, Wy

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    Asteroid the size of Gibraltar rock passes by very close to Earth
    http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2017/04/19/large-asteroid-pass-close-earth-wednesday/

    An asteroid the size of the Gibraltar rock has beee the largest asteroid to come this close to Earth since 2004.

    On Wednesday afternoon, the object passed close to our planet, zooming by at a distance of just over a million miles
    (1.8 million km), but with no chance of impact, according to Nasa scientists.

    Smaller asteroids regularly come closer than this , but 2014 J025, discovered in May 2014, will be the largest asteroid
    to come this close to the planet since 2004, flying by at only about 4.6 times the distance from the Earth to the Moon,
    1.1 million miles (1.8 million km).

    The asteroid is estimated to be between one-quarter and three-quarters of a mile (600-1,400 meters) wide and twice as
    reflective as the Moon. Having several years of data on the asteroid's trajectory gives scientists the ability to predict
    its path very confidently, he added. The approach of J025 will be the asteroid's closest for at least the next 500 years.

    In 2004, the 3.1-mile (5 km) wide asteroid Toutatis passed about four lunar distances, or just under a million miles
    (1.6 million km) from Earth.

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    The Lynx Space Telescope: Our Next Flagship to Probe the X-Ray Universe
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4j90bgmrRk


    Lynx will take X-ray astronomy to new levels by combining a large gain in collecting area over Chandra and XMM,
    an angular resolution of 1/2 arcsecond, and high-throughput spectroscopy over a large field of view.

    NASA has begun a series of studies of four concepts that will in a few years’ time produce candidate designs for
    a major space observatory to begin construction later next decade. One of these has been dubbed Lynx, an x-ray
    “flagship" mission will probe some of the most explosive and high-energy objects in our Universe, and will provide
    insight into the seeds of Black Holes, the formation and evolution of galaxies and clusters of galaxies and even
    of the stars themselves.

    Please join our regular hosts Tony Darnell and Harley Thronson, as they discuss with Dr. Alexey Vikhlinin from the
    Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory the science that will be revealed by a telescope investigating the x-ray universe.
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    ESA Science & Technology: The moving Martian bow shock
    http://sci.esa.int/mars-express/59387-the-moving-martian-bow-shock/

    As the energetic particles of the solar wind speed across interplanetary space, their motion is modified
    by objects in their path. A study, based on data from ESA's Mars Express orbiter, has thrown new light on
    a surprising interaction between the planet Mars and supersonic particles in the solar wind.

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    A Trace of Galaxies at the Heart of a Gigantic Galaxy Cluster
    http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/...1_a-trace-of-galaxies-at-the-heart-of-a-gigantic-galaxy-cluster.html

    Very large yet faint galaxies have been found where no one would have expected them – in the middle of a giant galaxy cluster.
    Heidelberg astronomers discovered the extremely-low-density galaxies, known as ultra-diffuse galaxies, a find that is "both
    remarkable and puzzling", states Dr Thorsten Lisker. The research work was carried out by Carolin Wittmann in Dr Lisker’s team
    at the Centre for Astronomy of Heidelberg University (ZAH). The results have been published in the “Monthly Notices of RAS”.

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    Astronomers detect methanol maser emission towards nearby galaxy
    https://phys.org/news/2017-08-astronomers-methanol-maser-emission-nearby.html

    Using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), a team of astronomers has detected methanol emission toward a nearby galaxy known as NGC 4945.
    The finding, reported Aug. 18 in a paper published on arXiv.org, could be helpful in improving our understanding of star formation processes.

    Maser lines of methanol are commonly detected toward regions of high-mass star formation. They are very widespread in our Milky Way galaxy, as they
    have been detected in more than 1200 sources in the galaxy to date. Due to their rich spectrum of masing transitions, they could be used as a powerful
    tool for probing star formation regions.

    Scientists divide methanol masers into two groups: class I and class II. Class I masers are associated with the interaction of shocked gas with
    molecular clouds, driven by outflows or expanding H II regions, while class II masers are closely associated with young stellar objects.

    Now, a team of researchers led by Tiege McCarthy of the University of Tasmania in Hobart, Australia, reports the finding of a new class I methanol maser
    beyond the Milky Way, toward NGC 4945. Located nearly 12 million light years away from the Earth, NGC 4945 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation
    Centaurus, and one of the brightest galaxies of the Centaurus A/M83 Group (large, nearby group of galaxies).

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