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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Today's observation from Arecibo of asteroid 3122 Florence shows a full rotation of the primary body.

    http://www.naic.edu/~pradar/

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Stellar Corpse Sheds Light on Origin of Cosmic Rays
    Stellar Corpse Sheds Light on Origin of Cosmic Rays | UANews
    https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/stellar-corpse-sheds-light-origin-cosmic-rays

    New research revealed that the entire zoo of electromagnetic radiation streaming from the Crab Nebula has its origin
    in one population of electrons and must be produced in a different way than scientists have traditionally thought.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Space in Images - 2017 - 08 - Gaia sky mapper image near the Galactic centre
    http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2017/08/Gaia_sky_mapper_image_near_the_Galactic_centre

    Gaia, ESA’s billion-star surveyor, is detecting stars and measuring their properties in order to build up the most precise 3D map
    of the Milky Way. By accurately measuring the motion of each star, astronomers will be able to peer back in time to understand
    the Milky Way’s history, its evolution and its destiny.

    In general, as Gaia registers stars, only data covering the object of interest are transmitted to the ground. However, in the densest
    regions on the sky there are more stars close to each other than the detection and processing system of Gaia can cope with, which
    could result in a less complete census in these crowded areas.

    To help mitigate this, a scientific selection of high-density regions is made to cover them in a special imaging mode, as illustrated
    here. These types of observations are carried out routinely every time Gaia scans over these regions.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    VIRGO:
    Three crewmembers will depart the International Space Station on Saturday (Sept. 2) and return to Earth. NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson will return
    from her record-smashing mission along with her Expedition 52 crewmates, NASA astronaut Jack Fischer and Russian cosmonaut Fyodor Yurchikhin.
    Watch the crew take off in their Soyuz spacecraft and land in Kazakhstan live here at Space.com, or tune in live to NASA TV.

    At 2 p.m. EDT (1800 GMT) on Saturday (Sept. 2), NASA TV will kick off their coverage of the return by broadcasting live coverage of the Soyuz MS-04
    crew saying farewell to their Expedition 52/53 crewmates at the space station before they enter the space capsule and close the hatch. At 2:40 p.m.
    EDT (1840 GMT), they'll close the hatch and begin preparing for departure. [Space Station Photos: Expedition 52 Crew in Orbit]

    The Soyuz will undock from the space station at 5:58 p.m. EDT (1758 GMT), and the crew will start their 3.5-hour descent to Earth. At 8:29 p.m. EDT
    (0029 GMT on Sept. 3), when the Soyuz is approximately 12 miles away from the space station, its engines will fire for a short deorbit burn. About
    half an hour later, the crew will enter the atmosphere and the Soyuz will deploy parachutes, which will allow the crew to gently float down to Earth.
    At 9:22 p.m. EDT (0122 GMT on Sept. 3), they'll touch down in Kazakhstan.
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Rekordmanka Peggy Whitson se vrací z ISS domů. Živý přenos:
    NASA TV Public-Education
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwMDvPCGeE0
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Nádhera! Arecibo i Goldstone měly žně...

    Radar Reveals Two Moons Orbiting Asteroid Florence
    https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news199.html

    Radar Reveals Two Moons Orbiting Asteroid Florence - SpaceRef
    http://spaceref.com/asteroids/radar-reveals-two-moons-orbiting-asteroid-florence.html

    Radar Image Captures Asteroid Florence and Its Moons on Near-Earth Fly-By
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Da_f6ivuRI
    VINCENT_BU
    VINCENT_BU --- ---
    KIC 8462852 Boyajian's Star Update for 08/30/17
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvt8gUKRmJk
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Equatorial jet in Venusian atmosphere discovered by climate orbiter Akatsuki
    https://phys.org/news/2017-09-equatorial-jet-venusian-atmosphere-climate.html

    Observations by Japan's Venus climate orbiter Akatsuki have revealed an equatorial jet in the lower to middle cloud
    layer of the planet's atmosphere, a finding that could be pivotal to unraveling a phenomenon called superrotation.

    Venus rotates westward with a very low angular speed; it takes 243 Earth days to rotate once. The planet's atmosphere rotates
    in the same direction but at much higher angular speeds, which is called "superrotation." The planet is covered by thick clouds
    that extend from an altitude of about 45 kilometers to 70 kilometers. The superrotation reaches its maximum near the top of this cloud,
    where the rotational speed is about 60 times that of the planet itself. The cause of this phenomenon, however, is shrouded iVen mystery.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    SVS: Voyager 1 Trajectory through the Solar System
    https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4139

    Voyager 1 Trajectory through the Solar System
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYNIsgDrIRE
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    ESO's La Silla Observatory will host new planet hunter
    https://phys.org/news/2017-09-eso-la-silla-observatory-host.html

    Developed and built by the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, and the University of Montreal, NIRPS (Near Infra Red Planet Searcher) is an infrared spectrograph
    designed to detect Earth-like rocky planets around the coolest stars. The formal agreement to add NIRPS to the suite of instruments on ESO telescopes was signed on June
    7th, 2017 by ESO's Director General Tim de Zeeuw, Michel Oris, Vice-rector at the UNIGE .Marie-Josée Hébert, Vice-rector for Research, Discovery, Creation and Innovation
    at the University of Montreal and by both co-directors of the project, Professor François Bouchy from UNIGE and Professor René Doyon from the University of Montreal.

    Due to be installed on the 3.6 m telescope at ESO's La Silla Observatory in Chile, NIRPS will complement the HARPS (High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher)
    instrument currently attached to the same telescope. HARPS is the world's most productive planet-hunting instrument using the radial velocity method, and it has
    revolutionised our understanding of exoplanetary systems. NIRPS will become the "red arm" of HARPS, extending the telescope's capability into the infrared and
    allowing astronomers to characterise planetary systems. ESO will allocate 725 observing nights over a 5-year-period to the NIRPS team.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/what-does-kepler-have-its-eye-on

    Now in the fifteenth observing campaign of its K2 extended mission, the Kepler Space Telescope is studying more than 23,000 objects located in
    the direction of the constellation Scorpius. The cartoon illustrates some of the objects of interest that Kepler is observing from Aug. 23 to Nov. 20.

    In this swath of sky, called Field 15, Kepler will monitor a variety of astronomical sources of light, including faraway galaxies, star clusters,
    planetary systems and brown dwarfs. Closer to home, comets traveling from the outer reaches of our solar system on their orbital dance with the sun,
    and occupants of the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, will captivate the gaze of the multipurpose planet-hunter.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Close-up of a Murray Formation Bedrock Target 'Bauneg Beg'

    Curiosity acquired this image using its Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI), located on the turret at the end of the rover's
    2 meter-long robotic arm, on August 29, 2017, Sol 1800 of the rover's mission on Mars, at 12:52PM local time.

    When this image was obtained, the focus motor count position was 13986. This number indicates the internal position of
    the MAHLI lens at the time the image was acquired and has been used to create the 30 millimeters long scale bar.
    The scale is only applicable to the in-focus portions of these MAHLI images. Via Paul Hammond.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    NASA’s Asteroid-Bound Spacecraft to Slingshot Past Earth
    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/asteroid-bound-spacecraft-to-slingshot-past-earth

    NASA’s asteroid sample return mission, OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security -
    Regolith Explorer), will pass about 10,000 miles (16,000 kilometers) above Earth just before 12:52 p.m. EDT on Friday, Sept. 22.
    Using Earth as a slingshot, the spacecraft will receive an assist to complete its journey to the asteroid Bennu.

    OSIRIS-REx is undertaking a challenging mission to visit the near-Earth asteroid, survey the surface, collect samples and deliver
    them safely back to Earth. This is the first NASA mission to attempt such an undertaking. The spacecraft is halfway through its
    two-year outbound journey, and now OSIRIS-REx needs an extra boost to successfully rendezvous with Bennu.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Moon’s tidal stress likely responsible for causing deep moonquakes, new study confirms - GeoSpace - AGU Blogosphere
    http://blogs.agu.org/...-tidal-stress-likely-responsible-causing-deep-moonquakes-new-study-confirms/

    The same gravitational force responsible for creating tides on Earth could be causing deep quakes on the moon, a new study confirms.

    A new analysis of data gathered by the Apollo missions confirms that tidal stress – the gravitational pull of the moon on the Earth
    and of the Earth on the moon – is responsible for causing deep moonquakes, the lunar equivalent of earthquakes.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Close encounters of the stellar kind / Gaia / Space Science / Our Activities / ESA
    http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Gaia/Close_encounters_of_the_stellar_kind

    The movements of more than 300 000 stars surveyed by ESA’s Gaia satellite reveal that rare close encounters with our Sun
    might disturb the cloud of comets at the far reaches of our Solar System, sending some towards Earth in the distant future.

    As the Solar System moves through the Galaxy, and as other stars move on their own paths, close encounters are inevitable –
    though ‘close’ still means many trillions of kilometres.

    A star, depending on its mass and speed, would need to get within about 60 trillion kilometres before it starts to have an
    effect on the Solar System’s distant reservoir of comets, the Oort Cloud, which is thought to extend out to 15 trillion
    kilometres from the Sun, 100 000 times the Sun–Earth distance.

    For comparison, the outermost planet Neptune orbits at an average distance of about 4.5 billion kilometres, or 30 Sun–Earth
    distances. The gravitational influence of stars that pass near the Oort Cloud could perturb the paths of comets residing there,
    jolting them onto orbits that bring them in to the inner Solar System.

    While this is thought to be responsible for some of the comets that appear in our skies every hundred to thousand years,
    it also has the potential to put comets on a collision course with Earth or other planets.

    Tracking stellar motions
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCEr8PqeLWI
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Hubble delivers first hints of possible water content of TRAPPIST-1 planets | ESA/Hubble
    http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1713/

    An international team of astronomers used the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope to estimate whether there might be water
    on the seven earth-sized planets orbiting the nearby dwarf star TRAPPIST-1. The results suggest that the outer planets
    of the system might still harbour substantial amounts of water. This includes the three planets within the habitable
    zone of the star, lending further weight to the possibility that they may indeed be habitable.

    Animation of the planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPWnBhjXSd0
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Discovery of a Metal-Poor Little Cub
    http://aasnova.org/2017/08/30/discovery-of-a-metal-poor-little-cub/

    The discovery of an extremely metal-poor star-forming galaxy in our local universe, dubbed Little Cub,
    is providing astronomers with front-row seats to the quenching of a near-pristine galaxy.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Ultraviolet light may be ultra important in search for life
    https://phys.org/news/2017-08-ultraviolet-ultra-important-life.html

    A new study by Sukrit Ranjan of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) in Cambridge, Mass., and colleagues suggests
    that red dwarf stars might not emit enough UV light to kick-start the biological processes most familiar to our planet. For example,
    certain levels of UV might be necessary for the formation of ribonucleic acid, a molecule necessary for all forms of known life.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    NASA's Juno spacecraft will make its seventh science flyby over Jupiter's mysterious cloud tops on Friday, Sept. 1,
    at 2:49 p.m. PDT (5:49 p.m. EDT and 21:49 UTC). At the time of perijove (defined as the point in Juno's orbit when it is
    closest to the planet's center), the spacecraft will be about 2,200 miles (3,500 kilometers) above the planet's cloud tops.

    Juno Scientists Prepare for Seventh Science Pass of Jupiter | Mission Juno
    https://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/news/scientists-prepare-for-seventh-jupiter-pass
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Researchers Recover an Ancient Nova
    https://www.amnh.org/explore/news-blogs/research-posts/researchers-recover-an-ancient-nova

    On a cold March night in Seoul almost 600 years ago, Royal Imperial Astrologers spotted a bright new star in the tail of the constellation Scorpius.
    It was seen for just 14 days before fading from view. From these ancient records, modern astronomers determined that what the ancient astronomers
    saw in 1437 was a nova explosion, but they had been unable to find the binary star system that caused it—until now.

    A new study published today by the journal Nature pinpoints the location of the old nova, which now undergoes smaller-scale “dwarf nova” eruptions.
    The work supports that idea that novae go through a very long-term life cycle after erupting, fading to obscurity for thousands of years, then building
    back up to become full-fledged novae once more.

    “This is the first nova that’s ever been recovered with certainty based on the Chinese, Korean, and Japanese records of almost 2,500 years,”
    said the study’s lead author Michael Shara, a curator in the Museum’s Department of Astrophysics.

    http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v548/n7669/full/nature23644.html

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