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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
    VIRGO
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    Could TRAPPIST-1’s seven Earth-like planets have gas giant siblings? | Carnegie Institution for Science
    https://carnegiescience.edu/node/2230

    New work from a team of Carnegie scientists (and one Carnegie alumnus) asked whether any gas giant planets could potentially orbit
    TRAPPIST-1 at distances greater than that of the star’s seven known planets. If gas giant planets are found in this system’s outer
    edges, it could help scientists understand how our own Solar System’s gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn formed.

    Earlier this year, NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope thrilled the world as it revealed that TRAPPIST-1, an ultra-cool dwarf star in
    the Aquarius constellation, was the first-known system of seven Earth-sized planets orbiting a single star. Three of these planets
    are in the so-called habitable zone—the distance from the central star at which liquid water is most likely to be found.

    But it’s possible that like our own Solar System, TRAPPIST-1 is also orbited by gas giant planets at a much-greater distance than
    the Earth-sized planets that we already know are part of the system.

    VIRGO
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    Discovery of boron on Mars adds to evidence for habitability
    http://www.lanl.gov/...er/news-release-archive/2017/September/0905-discovery-of-boron-on-mars%20.php

    The discovery of boron on Mars gives scientists more clues about whether life could have ever existed on the planet.
    VIRGO
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    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/extreme-telescopes-find-second-fastest-pulsar

    By following up on mysterious high-energy sources mapped out by NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, the Netherlands-based Low Frequency
    Array (LOFAR) radio telescope has identified a pulsar spinning at more than 42,000 revolutions per minute, making it the second-fastest known.

    'Black Widow' Pulsar Animation
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=4&v=-SoZ1xvCpMw
    VIRGO
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    https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jpl/pia21344/nevertheless-it-moves

    The movie is a composite of six images taken with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on Aug. 1, 2017
    using filters that allow infrared, green, and ultraviolet light. The image filter centered on 930 nm (IR) was
    is red in this image, the image filter centered on the green is green, and the image filter centered on 338 nm
    (UV) is blue.

    VIRGO
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    VIRGO:

    Long-rumored midsized black hole may be hiding out in the Milky Way | Science | AAAS
    http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/09/long-rumored-midsized-black-hole-may-be-hiding-out-milky-way

    “It’s a very careful paper and they have gorgeous data. It’s the most promising evidence so far”
    for an intermediate mass black hole, says astronomer Kevin Schawinski of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich.

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-017-0224-z

    VIRGO
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    Shocking discovery explains powerful novae | MSUToday | Michigan State University
    http://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2017/shocking-discovery-explains-powerful-novae/

    In a typical year, there are around 50 novae, nuclear explosions on the surface of white dwarf stars, in our galaxy.
    Some of these explosions are so bright and powerful, they exceed the scale of scientific explanation.

    Employing two powerful telescopes, astronomers at Michigan State University have proven a theory that explains these
    super-luminous novae and other astronomical explosions. The results, published in the current issue of Nature Astronomy,
    indicate that powerful shockwaves amplify the explosions beyond any traditional scale for nuclear explosions.

    “Astronomers have long thought the energy from novae was dominated by the white dwarf, controlling how much light and
    energy are emitted,” said Laura Chomiuk, MSU astronomer and study co-author. “What we discovered, however, was a completely
    different source of energy – shockwaves that can dominate the entire explosion.”

    As the explosion begins, it ejects a cooler, slower wave of gaseous material, relatively speaking. Behind it, though, is a hot,
    fast wave speeding right behind it. The collision of the two ejections produces a shockwave, which results in a spectacular
    explosion of heat and light.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Massive black hole discovered near heart of the Milky Way | Science | The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/...sep/04/supermassive-black-hole-discovered-near-heart-of-the-milky-way

    Astronomers find evidence of enormous black hole one hundred thousand times more massive than the sun in a gas cloud near the galaxy’s centre

    An enormous black hole one hundred thousand times more massive than the sun has been found hiding in a toxic gas cloud wafting around near
    the heart of the Milky Way. If the discovery is confirmed, the invisible behemoth will rank as the second largest black hole ever seen in
    the Milky Way after the supermassive black hole known as Sagittarius A* that is anchored at the very centre of the galaxy.

    VIRGO
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    https://particle.scitech.org.au/space/looking-at-dark-matter/

    Scientists are looking for dark matter—the stuff that theoretically makes up a quarter of our universe.

    And West Aussie researchers are at the forefront of this search, as part of an Australian-wide project to detect a particle called the axion.

    Comparison of rotating disc galaxies in the distant Universe and the present day
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=2&v=gjBcCYl27iM
    VIRGO
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    Fast Radio Burst 121102 ( FRB ) Audio - Processed to clarify sonic details for analysis etc
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uDTXtXARxfA
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Everything Worth Knowing About ... Alien Contact | DiscoverMagazine.com
    http://discovermagazine.com/2017/jul-aug/alien-contact

    The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) has been going for more than 50 years, with ever more sophisticated detection systems
    and creative ideas about how E.T. might come calling. Astronomers haven’t heard anything yet, but perhaps it’s only a matter of time.
    Check out what they’ve been looking for, how they would know if they found it and what the aftermath might be.

    VIRGO
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    Starship Congress 2017: Nick Nielsen, "The Place of Lunar Civilization in Interstellar Buildout"
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FhMmqe8M7no
    VIRGO
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    Analysis reveals dozens of unknown gamma-ray sources in the universe
    https://phys.org/news/2017-09-analysis-reveals-dozens-unknown-gamma-ray.html

    Researchers at DESY have compiled an extensive catalogue of variable sources of cosmic gamma radiation. For his doctoral thesis, Matteo Giomi,
    working at DESY in Zeuthen, analysed almost 7.5 years of observational data from NASA's "Fermi" space telescope. Over that period, the "Large Area
    Telescope" (LAT) on board the satellite registered a total of 4547 bursts of gamma radiation, known as flares. Thanks to improved analytical methods,
    Giomi was able to assign these flares to 518 variable sources. The "Fermi All-Sky Variability Analysis" (FAVA) also lists 77 unknown sources, whose
    identity has not yet been determined. The "Fermi" scientists are presenting their catalogue in the Astrophysical Journal.

    Fermi All-Sky Variability Analysis (FAVA)
    https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/FAVA/

    VIRGO
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    VIRGO
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    https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap170904.html

    Details of the complex rings are evident as the short time-lapse sequence begins, while the paper-thin
    thickness of the rings becomes apparent near the video's end. The featured images were taken on August 20.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    How a Black Widow Consumes Its Companion
    http://aasnova.org/2017/09/01/how-a-black-widow-consumes-its-companion/

    Hanging out in a binary system with a hot millisecond pulsar can be hazardous to your health!
    A new study has examined how these perilous objects can heat and evaporate away their companions.

    VIRGO
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    Astronomy and Space News - Astro Watch: FINESSE Mission to Investigate Atmospheres of Hundreds of Alien Worlds
    http://www.astrowatch.net/2017/09/finesse-mission-to-investigate.html

    One of NASA’s proposed missions, known as the Fast INfrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer (FINESSE) could greatly improve
    our understanding of extrasolar worlds. If selected for development, the spacecraft will investigate at least 500 exoplanet atmospheres,
    providing detailed information about climate processes on distant alien planets.

    FINESSE has been recently chosen by NASA for concept studies and evaluations. It is one of the agency’s six astrophysics Explorers Program
    proposals that could be selected by 2019 to proceed with construction and launch.

    The mission’s main objective is to study the processes that govern planet formation and global climate. It will investigate the mechanisms
    that establish atmospheric chemical composition and shape atmospheric evolution.

    VIRGO
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    Today's observation from Arecibo of asteroid 3122 Florence shows a full rotation of the primary body.

    http://www.naic.edu/~pradar/

    VIRGO
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    Stellar Corpse Sheds Light on Origin of Cosmic Rays
    Stellar Corpse Sheds Light on Origin of Cosmic Rays | UANews
    https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/stellar-corpse-sheds-light-origin-cosmic-rays

    New research revealed that the entire zoo of electromagnetic radiation streaming from the Crab Nebula has its origin
    in one population of electrons and must be produced in a different way than scientists have traditionally thought.

    VIRGO
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    Space in Images - 2017 - 08 - Gaia sky mapper image near the Galactic centre
    http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2017/08/Gaia_sky_mapper_image_near_the_Galactic_centre

    Gaia, ESA’s billion-star surveyor, is detecting stars and measuring their properties in order to build up the most precise 3D map
    of the Milky Way. By accurately measuring the motion of each star, astronomers will be able to peer back in time to understand
    the Milky Way’s history, its evolution and its destiny.

    In general, as Gaia registers stars, only data covering the object of interest are transmitted to the ground. However, in the densest
    regions on the sky there are more stars close to each other than the detection and processing system of Gaia can cope with, which
    could result in a less complete census in these crowded areas.

    To help mitigate this, a scientific selection of high-density regions is made to cover them in a special imaging mode, as illustrated
    here. These types of observations are carried out routinely every time Gaia scans over these regions.

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