https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-missions-catch-first-light-from-a-gravitational-wave-event

For the first time, NASA scientists have detected light tied to a gravitational-wave event, thanks to two merging neutron stars in the galaxy
NGC 4993, located about 130 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Hydra.

Shortly after 8:41 a.m. EDT on Aug. 17, NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope picked up a pulse of high-energy light from a powerful explosion,
which was immediately reported to astronomers around the globe as a short gamma-ray burst. The scientists at the National Science Foundation’s
Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detected gravitational waves dubbed GW170817 from a pair of smashing stars tied to
the gamma-ray burst, encouraging astronomers to look for the aftermath of the explosion. Shortly thereafter, the burst was detected as part of
a follow-up analysis by ESA’s (European Space Agency’s) INTEGRAL satellite.

NASA's Swift, Hubble, Chandra and Spitzer missions, along with dozens of ground-based observatories, including the NASA-funded Pan-STARRS survey,
later captured the fading glow of the blast's expanding debris.

Astronomers See Light Show Associated With Gravitational Waves2017-30 | www.cfa.harvard.edu/
https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/2017-30

Marking the beginning of a new era in astrophysics, scientists have detected gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation,
or light, from the same event for the first time. This historic discovery reveals the merger of two neutron stars, the dense cores
of dead stars, and resolves the debate about how the heaviest elements such as platinum and gold were created in the Universe.

To achieve this remarkable result, thousands of scientists around the world have worked feverishly using data from telescopes on
the ground and in space. Researchers at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) in Cambridge, Mass., have played
a pivotal role. A series of eight papers led by CfA astronomers and their colleagues detail the complete story of the aftermath
of this event and examine clues about its origin.

The Prospect of Neutrinos with Gravitational Waves
http://aasnova.org/2017/10/09/the-prospect-of-neutrinos-with-gravitational-waves/

With the first detection of gravitational waves in 2015, scientists celebrated the opening of a new window to the universe.
But multi-messenger astronomy — astronomy based on detections of not just photons, but other signals as well — was not a new
idea at the time: we had already detected tiny, lightweight neutrinos emitted from astrophysical sources. Will we be able to
combine observations of neutrinos and gravitational waves in the future to provide a deeper picture of astrophysical events?

PANTARIL:
https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.05024

Half the universe’s missing matter has just been finally found | New Scientist
https://www.newscientist.com/...n=Echobox&utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Facebook#link_time=1507550067



The missing links between galaxies have finally been found. This is the first detection of the roughly half of the normal matter in our universe – protons, neutrons and electrons – unaccounted for by previous observations of stars, galaxies and other bright objects in space.

Both teams took advantage of a phenomenon called the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect that occurs when light left over from the big bang passes through hot gas

In 2015, the Planck satellite created a map of this effect throughout the observable universe. Because the tendrils of gas between galaxies are so diffuse, the dim blotches they cause are far too slight to be seen directly on Planck’s map.

Both teams selected pairs of galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey that were expected to be connected by a strand of baryons. They stacked the Planck signals for the areas between the galaxies, making the individually faint strands detectable en masse.

Tanimura’s team stacked data on 260,000 pairs of galaxies, and de Graaff’s group used over a million pairs. Both teams found definitive evidence of gas filaments between the galaxies.

JULIANNE: Moc dík za výtečný rozhovor s Christophem Sotinem! Přebil i úvodní "klasiku" pana Grygara! Skvělá práce, doporučuji všem! :)

https://www.facebook.com/...2407170955343.1073741828.183234438539283/685987504930638/?type=3&theater

University of Glasgow - University news - New research uncovers 90 million years of history of Martian volcano
https://www.gla.ac.uk/news/headline_551973_en.html

Analysis of Martian meteorites has uncovered 90 million years’ worth of new information about one of the red planet’s volcanoes –
and helped pinpoint which volcano the meteorites came from.

Geologists based in the UK and the USA have used advanced mass spectrometry techniques to learn more about the origins of six meteorites
known as ‘nakhlites’ – pieces of Martian terrain which were blasted from the face of the red planet by an impact event 11 million years ago,
then drifted through space before landing on Earth.

Nakhlite meteorites are the second most common type of Martian meteorites. Three of the meteorites were found in Antarctica, one in the USA,
one in northwestern Africa, and one in Egypt.

Their findings, which show that the Martian volcano erupted at least four times over the course of 90 million years, appear in a new paper
in the journal Nature Communications, published today (Wednesday 4 October).



Monster volcanoes on Mars: how space rocks are helping us solve their mysteries
https://theconversation.com/...es-on-mars-how-space-rocks-are-helping-us-solve-their-mysteries-85045

Spacecraft have sent back stunning images and data about these volcanoes over the years, yielding an amazing amount of knowledge. We have
learned a lot from the impact craters made by asteroids, for example, since older areas on the planet have more craters than younger areas.

From this, scientists have concluded that the volcanoes on Mars began erupting well over 3.5 billion years ago, roughly comparable to how
far back eruptions go on Earth. The most recent Martian eruptions are perhaps a few tens of millions of years old. No active volcanoes have
been discovered; at least not yet.

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/nasa-s-webb-telescope-to-witness-galactic-infancy

Scientists will use NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope to study sections of the sky previously observed by NASA’s Great Observatories,
including the Hubble Space Telescope and the Spitzer Space Telescope, to understand the creation of the universe’s first galaxies and stars.

Milky Way’s “most-mysterious star” continues to confound | Carnegie Institution for Science
https://carnegiescience.edu/node/2246

The latest findings from Carnegie’s Josh Simon and Benjamin Shappee and collaborators take a longer look at the star,
going back to 2006—before its strange behavior was detected by Kepler. Astronomers had thought that the star was only
getting fainter with time, but the new study shows that it also brightened significantly in 2007 and 2014. These
unexpected episodes complicate or rule out nearly all the proposed ideas to explain the star’s observed strangeness.

Speculation to account for KIC 8462852’s dips in brightness has ranged from it having swallowed a nearby planet to
an unusually large group of comets orbiting the star to an alien megastructure.

In general, stars can appear to dim because a solid object like a planet or a cloud of dust and gas passes between it
and the observer, eclipsing and effectively dimming its brightness for a time. But even before this evidence of two
periods of increased brightness in the star’s past, the erratic dimming periods seen in KIC 8462852 were unlike anything
astronomers had previously observed.

Last year, Simon and Ben Montet (then at Caltech, now at University of Chicago), who is also a co-author on this current
study, found that from 2009 to 2012, KIC 8462852 dimmed by almost 1 percent. Its brightness then dropped by an extraordinary
2 percent over just six months, remaining at about that level for the final six months of Kepler observations.




https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/mysterious-dimming-of-tabbys-star-may-be-caused-by-dust

One of the most mysterious stellar objects may be revealing some of its secrets at last.

A new study using NASA's Spitzer and Swift missions, as well as the Belgian AstroLAB IRIS observatory, suggests that the cause of the dimming over long periods
is likely an uneven dust cloud moving around the star. This flies in the face of the "alien megastructure" idea and the other more exotic speculations.

The smoking gun: Researchers found less dimming in the infrared light from the star than in its ultraviolet light. Any object larger than dust particles would
dim all wavelengths of light equally when passing in front of Tabby's Star.

"This pretty much rules out the alien megastructure theory, as that could not explain the wavelength-dependent dimming," said Huan Meng, at the University of
Arizona, Tucson, who is lead author of the new study published in The Astrophysical Journal. "We suspect, instead, there is a cloud of dust orbiting the star
with a roughly 700-day orbital period."