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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
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    Dnešní NASA APOD se vyvedl :) https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap171107.html

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    Alma’s image of red giant star gives a surprising glimpse of the Sun’s future | Chalmers
    http://www.chalmers.se/...image-of-red-giant-star-gives-a-surprising-glimpse-of-the-Suns-future.aspx

    A Chalmers-led team of astronomers has for the first time observed details on the surface of an aging star with the same mass as the Sun. ALMA:s
    images show that the star is a giant, its diameter twice the size of Earth’s orbit around the Sun, but also that the star’s atmosphere is affected
    by powerful, unexpected shock waves. The research is published in Nature Astronomy on 30 October 2017.

    ​A team of astronomers led by Wouter Vlemmings, Chalmers University of Technology, have used the telescope Alma (Atacama Large Millimetre/Submm
    Array) to make the sharpest observations yet of a star with the same starting mass as the Sun. The new images show for the first time details on the
    surface of the red giant W Hydrae, 320 light years distant in the constellation of Hydra, the Water Snake.

    W Hydrae is an example of an AGB (asymptotic giant branch) star. Such stars are cool, bright, old and lose mass via stellar winds. The name derives
    from their position on the famous Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, which classifies stars according to their brightness and temperature.

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    18-month twinkle in a forming star suggests the existence of a very young planet - National Research Council Canada
    https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/stories/2017/star_formation.html

    An international team of researchers have found an infrequent variation in the brightness of a forming star. This 18-month recurring
    twinkle is not only an unexpected phenomenon for scientists, but its repeated behavior suggests the presence of a hidden planet.

    This discovery is an early win for the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Transient Survey, just one-and-a-half years into its three-
    year mandate to monitor eight galactic stellar nurseries for variations in the brightness of forming stars. This novel study is critical
    to understanding how stars and planets are assembled. The survey is led by Doug Johnstone, Research Officer at the National Research
    Council of Canada and Greg Herczeg, Professor at Peking University (China), and is supported by an international team of astronomers
    from Canada, China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan and the United Kingdom.

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    [1711.01693] English and Spanish Translation of Zwicky's (1933) The Redshift of Extragalactic Nebulae
    https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.01693
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    Can Organisms Sense via Radio Frequency? | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego
    https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/can-organisms-sense-radio-frequency

    A new project by researchers at the University of California San Diego will investigate a biological mystery that has so far gone unsolved: can organisms use radio frequencies to sense surroundings?

    Radio frequency waves (RF) are electromagnetic waves between the frequencies of 3 kilohertz to 300 gigahertz, used in radio, cellphones, wi-fi, radar, GPS, and many other systems. While humans have
    used RF technology to communicate for over 100 years, no living organism has ever been observed using RF to communicate without technology.

    But recently there have been clues that this may in fact occur.

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    A Tour of the Zoomable Universe by Caleb Scharf and Ron Miller | Quanta Magazine
    https://www.quantamagazine.org/...-of-the-zoomable-universe-by-caleb-scharf-and-ron-miller-20171106/
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    VIRGO: https://www.centauri-dreams.org/?p=38679

    Just how elaborate is the planetary system around the nearest star? It’s a question rendered more interesting this morning by the news that the ALMA
    Observatory in Chile has now detected dust in the system in an area one to four times as far from Proxima Centauri as the Earth is from the Sun.
    Moreover, there are signs of what may be an outer dust belt, an indication that while we have already discovered Proxima Centauri b, we are looking
    at a system in which cold particles and debris that could have formed other planets continue to accompany the star.

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    Chandra :: Photo Album :: Jupiter :: November 6, 2017
    http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2017/jupiter/

    A Quick Look at Jupiter's Auroras
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P48vGm0q4a4


    New X-ray observations show the auroras — northern or southern lights — on Jupiter behave differently at each pole.

    This makes Jupiter puzzling and unlike Saturn (no known auroras) or Earth (where north and south pole auroras mirror one another).

    These latest X-ray findings are challenging the current theoretical models that explain the Jovian auroras.

    Scientists hope to combine Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Juno data to learn more about the source of Jupiter's auroras.

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    Tracing the Fuel for Forming Stars
    http://aasnova.org/2017/11/03/tracing-the-fuel-for-forming-stars/

    Huge reservoirs of cold hydrogen gas — the raw fuel for star formation — lurk in galaxies throughout the universe.
    A new study examines whether these reservoirs have always been similar, or whether those in distant galaxies are
    very different from those in local galaxies today.

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    Extremely massive exoplanet discovered in the Milky Way's bulge
    https://phys.org/news/2017-11-extremely-massive-exoplanet-milky-bulge.html

    As a result of NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope observations of a microlensing event, astronomers have found an extremely massive alien world
    circling a star located in the Milky Way's bulge. The newly discovered planet, designated OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb, is the first Spitzer
    microlensing exoworld residing in the galactic bulge. The finding was presented October 27 in a paper published on arXiv.org.

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    http://www.umass.edu/newsoffice/article/using-powerful-new-telescope-astronomers

    Astronomers using the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT), which is operated jointly by the University of Massachusetts Amherst and Mexico’s
    Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, report today in Nature Astronomy that they have detected the second most distant
    dusty, star-forming galaxy ever found in the universe – born in the first one billion years after the Big Bang.

    It is the oldest object ever detected by the LMT, says astrophysicist Min Yun at UMass Amherst, and at present there is only one other,
    slightly older and more distant object like this known.

    “The Big Bang happened 13.7 billion years ago, and now we are seeing this galaxy from 12.8 billion years ago, so it was forming within
    the first billion years after the Big Bang,” he points out. “Seeing an object within the first billion years is remarkable because the
    universe was fully ionized, that is, it was too hot and too uniform to form anything for the first 400 million years. So our best guess
    is that the first stars and galaxies and black holes all formed within the first half a billion to one billion years. This new object
    is very close to being one of the first galaxies ever to form.”

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    https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jpl/pia21355/pandora-the-would-be-perturber

    This view looks toward the sunlit side of the rings from about 28 degrees above the ringplane.
    The image was taken in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on Sept. 14, 2017.

    The view was obtained at a distance of approximately 360,000 miles (577,000 kilometers) from Pandora
    and at a Sun-Pandora-spacecraft, or phase, angle of 119 degrees. Image scale is about 2.2 miles (3.5
    kilometers) per pixel.

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    Heating ocean moon Enceladus for billions of years / Cassini-Huygens / Space Science / Our Activities / ESA
    http://www.esa.int/...ace_Science/Cassini-Huygens/Heating_ocean_moon_Enceladus_for_billions_of_years

    Enough heat to power hydrothermal activity inside Saturn’s ocean moon Enceladus for billions of years could be generated through tidal
    friction if the moon has a highly porous core, a new study finds, working in favour of the moon as a potentially habitable world.

    A paper published in Nature Astronomy today presents the first concept that explains the key characteristics of 500 km-diameter Enceladus
    as observed by the international Cassini spacecraft over the course of its mission, which concluded in September.

    This includes a global salty ocean below an ice shell with an average thickness of 20–25 km, thinning to just 1–5 km over the south polar
    region. There, jets of water vapour and icy grains are launched through fissures in the ice. The composition of the ejected material measured
    by Cassini included salts and silica dust, suggesting they form through hot water – at least 90ºC – interacting with rock in the porous core.

    These observations require a huge source of heat, about 100 times more than is expected to be generated by the natural decay of radioactive
    elements in rocks in its core, as well as a means of focusing activity at the south pole.

    The tidal effect from Saturn is thought to be at the origin of the eruptions deforming the icy shell by push-pull motions as the moon follows
    an elliptical path around the giant planet. But the energy produced by tidal friction in the ice, by itself, would be too weak to counterbalance
    the heat loss seen from the ocean – the globe would freeze within 30 million years.

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    A message from Joan Schmelz, director of USRA at Arecibo, via Rhysy

    https://plus.google.com/+RhysTaylorRhysy/posts/bYCMZFHxEBq

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    Yasushi yede! October 26, 2017 @ Ishikawa, JAPAN

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    ALMA objevila chladný prach v okolí nejbližší hvězdy | ESO Česko
    http://www.eso.org/public/czechrepublic/news/eso1735/?lang

    Radioteleskop ALMA pro milimetrovou a submilimetrovou oblast elektromagnetického záření pracující v Chile detekoval prach v okolí nejbližší sousední hvězdy Proximy Centauri.
    Nová pozorování odhalila, že záření chladných prachových částic vychází z oblasti, která by se ve Sluneční soustavě rozkládala od oběžné dráhy Země až téměř k Jupiteru.
    Navíc se zdá, že v soustavě Proximy může být ještě jeden o něco chladnější vnější prachový pás. Tyto oblasti by mohly být známkou přítomnosti komplexního planetárního systému.
    Jelikož se očekává, že částice v těchto oblastech jsou tvořeny horninami a ledem, jsou pozorované struktury nejspíše podobné mohutnějším pásům meziplanetární hmoty, jaké známe
    ze Sluneční soustavy , kde se rovněž jedná o zbytky látky nespotřebované při vzniku a vývoji planet.

    Artist’s impression of the dust belts around Proxima Centauri
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrYvTBZ6j20
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    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/return-of-the-comet-96p-spotted-by-esa-nasa-satellites

    The ESA (European Space Agency) and NASA mission SOHO — short for Solar and Heliospheric Observatory — got a visit from an old friend this week
    when comet 96P entered its field of view on Oct. 25, 2017. The comet entered the lower right corner of SOHO’s view, and skirted up and around
    the right edge before leaving on Oct. 30. SOHO also spotted comet 96P in 1996, 2002, 2007 and 2012, making it the spacecraft’s most frequent
    cometary visitor.

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    A/2017 U1 centered in this 5 minute exposure recorded with the William Herschel Telescope in the Canary Islands on October 28

    APOD: 2017 November 3 - A 2017 U1: An Interstellar Visitor
    https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap171103.html

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    The most ancient spiral galaxy confirmed | Swinburne news
    http://www.swinburne.edu.au/...most-ancient-spiral-galaxy-confirmed-using-cutting-edge-technique.php

    The most ancient spiral galaxy discovered to date is revealing its secrets to a team of astronomers at Swinburne University of Technology and
    The Australian National University (ANU), part of the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in All Sky Astrophysics in 3D (ASTRO 3D).

    The galaxy, known as A1689B11, existed 11 billion years in the past, just 2.6 billion years after the Big Bang, when the Universe was only one
    fifth of its present age. It is thus the most ancient spiral galaxy discovered so far.

    The researchers used a powerful technique that combines gravitational lensing with the cutting-edge instrument the Near-infrared Integral Field
    Spectrograph (NIFS) on the Gemini North telescope in Hawai‘i to verify the vintage and spiral nature of this galaxy. NIFS is Australia’s first
    Gemini instrument that was designed and built by the late Peter McGregor at The ANU.

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