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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jpl/pia21970/jupiter-s-stunning-southern-hemisphere

    See Jupiter’s southern hemisphere in beautiful detail in this new image taken by NASA’s Juno spacecraft. The color-enhanced view captures
    one of the white ovals in the “String of Pearls,” one of eight massive rotating storms at 40 degrees south latitude on the gas giant planet.

    The image was taken on Oct. 24, 2017 at 11:11 a.m. PDT (2:11 p.m. EDT), as Juno performed its ninth close flyby of Jupiter. At the time
    the image was taken, the spacecraft was 20,577 miles (33,115 kilometers) from the tops of the clouds of the planet at a latitude of minus
    52.96 degrees. The spatial scale in this image is 13.86 miles/pixel (22.3 kilometers/pixel).

    Citizen scientists Gerald Eichstädt and Seán Doran processed this image using data from the JunoCam imager.

    VIRGO
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    News | Dawn Explores Ceres' Interior Evolution
    https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6997

    Surface features on Ceres -- the largest world between Mars and Jupiter -- and its interior evolution have a closer relationship than one might think.

    A recent study, published in Geophysical Research Letters, analyzed Ceres' surface features to reveal clues about the dwarf planet's interior evolution.
    Specifically, the study explored linear features -- the chains of pits and small, secondary craters common on Ceres.

    The findings align with the idea that, hundreds of millions (up to a billion) years ago, materials beneath Ceres' surface pushed upward toward the exterior,
    creating fractures in the crust.

    VIRGO
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    ‘Unlucky’ dinosaurs: no extinction if asteroid had hit almost any other part of Earth | Science | The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/...aurs-no-extinction-if-asteroid-had-hit-almost-any-other-part-of-earth

    Only 13% of the Earth’s surface harboured rich enough hydrocarbon deposits to cause a mass extinction following an impact, research reveals

    The massive asteroid that slammed into Earth and wiped out the dinosaurs might never have triggered a mass extinction had it struck almost
    any other part of the planet, scientists claim.

    In work that reveals just how unlucky the prehistoric beasts were, researchers calculate that the odds of the enormous space rock wreaking
    such havoc were low across 87% of the Earth’s surface.

    Unfortunately for the dinosaurs, the 9km-wide asteroid thumped into the ground in what is now Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula, where the concentration
    of hydrocarbons in the rocks was so high that the soot and sulphate aerosols sent into the sky caused global cooling and drought. The impact crater
    near the town of Chicxulub is 180km wide and 20km deep.


    A glimpse of when Canada's badlands were a lush dinosaur forest by the sea
    Read more
    Writing in the journal Scientific Reports, Kunio Kaiho and Naga Oshima at Tohoku University in Japan describe calculations that suggest only 13%
    of the Earth’s surface harboured rich enough hydrocarbon deposits to cause a mass extinction in the event of such a devastating impact.

    VIRGO
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    https://www.nasa.gov/...ge-feature/goddard/2017/hubble-shows-light-echo-expanding-from-exploded-star

    Light from a supernova explosion in the nearby starburst galaxy M82 is reverberating off a huge dust cloud in interstellar space.

    The supernova, called SN 2014J, occurred at the upper right of M82, and is marked by an “X.” The supernova was discovered on Jan. 21, 2014.

    Hubble Captures Supernova’s Light Echo
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tzSAoW6fS6c
    VIRGO
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    Set an alert: Do not miss The Farthest on PBS | Ars Technica
    https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/11/set-an-alert-do-not-miss-the-farthest-on-pbs/

    The Farthest (2017) documentary trailer
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=3&v=znTdk_de_K8
    VIRGO
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    Surprising Results from October's Triton Cover-Up - Sky & Telescope
    http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/surprising-results-from-octobers-triton-occultation/

    By watching a star disappear behind Triton, one of Saturn's moons, astronomers learned about the state of its ultrathin atmosphere.

    For those of us who keep track of where and when solar-system objects occult a background star, the brief cover-up of a dim star in
    Aquarius by Neptune’s large moon Triton on October 5th was especially newsworthy.

    The target, 12.6-magnitude star UCAC4 410-143659, was the brightest star occulted by Triton since 1997. It’s about a magnitude
    brighter than Triton itself, and its location only 13 arcseconds from 8th-magnitude Neptune made observations relatively easy.

    VIRGO
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    Did Triton Destroy Neptune’s First Moons?
    http://aasnova.org/2017/11/06/did-triton-destroy-neptunes-first-moons/

    Neptune’s moon system is not what we would expect for a gas giant in our solar system. Scientists have now explored the possibility that
    Neptune started its life with an ordinary system of moons that was later destroyed by the capture of its current giant moon, Triton.

    VIRGO
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    Asteroid 2017 VE flew past Earth at 0.88 LD, a day before discovery
    https://watchers.news/2017/11/07/asteroid-2017-ve/

    A newly discovered asteroid designated 2017 VE flew past Earth at 0.88 LD / 0.00227 AU (~339 597 km / 211 009 miles) on November 4,
    2017, one day before it was discovered. This is the 46th known asteroid to flyby Earth within 1 lunar distance since the start of the year.

    Asteroid 2017 VE was first observed at ATLAS-MLO, Mauna Loa at 10:17 UTC on November 5, 2017. This object made its closest approach to
    the Sun on September 9, 2017, and flew past Earth at 05:13 UTC on November 4 at a speed (relative to the Earth) of 14.08 km/s.

    It belongs to the Apollo group of asteroids and has an estimated diameter between 12 and 28 m (39 - 92 feet).

    The next flyby of this asteroid is expected on November 21, 2021, at a distance of 0.37 AU / 144 LD. However, it won't come nearly as close
    as it did on November 4th until November 4 (+/- 2 days), 2090 when it is expected to flyby at a distance of 0.005 AU / 1.9 LD.

    This is the 46th known asteroid to flyby Earth within 1 lunar distance since the start of the year and the 11th since October 2.

    IAU Minor Planet Center
    https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2017%20VE

    VIRGO
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    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/help-nickname-new-horizons-next-flyby-target

    NASA’s New Horizons mission to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt is looking for your ideas on what to informally name
    its next flyby destination, a billion miles (1.6 billion kilometers) past Pluto.

    Poloha NH k dnešnímu dni

    VIRGO
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    Scientists Find Potential “Missing Link” in Chemistry That Led to Life on Earth
    http://www.scripps.edu/news/press/2017/20171106krishnamurthy.html

    Chemists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have found a compound that may have been a crucial factor in the origins of life on Earth.

    Origins-of-life researchers have hypothesized that a chemical reaction called phosphorylation may have been crucial for the assembly of three
    key ingredients in early life forms: short strands of nucleotides to store genetic information, short chains of amino acids (peptides) to do
    the main work of cells, and lipids to form encapsulating structures such as cell walls. Yet, no one has ever found a phosphorylating agent that
    was plausibly present on early Earth and could have produced these three classes of molecules side-by-side under the same realistic conditions.

    TSRI chemists have now identified just such a compound: diamidophosphate (DAP).

    VIRGO
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    Dnešní NASA APOD se vyvedl :) https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap171107.html

    VIRGO
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    Alma’s image of red giant star gives a surprising glimpse of the Sun’s future | Chalmers
    http://www.chalmers.se/...image-of-red-giant-star-gives-a-surprising-glimpse-of-the-Suns-future.aspx

    A Chalmers-led team of astronomers has for the first time observed details on the surface of an aging star with the same mass as the Sun. ALMA:s
    images show that the star is a giant, its diameter twice the size of Earth’s orbit around the Sun, but also that the star’s atmosphere is affected
    by powerful, unexpected shock waves. The research is published in Nature Astronomy on 30 October 2017.

    ​A team of astronomers led by Wouter Vlemmings, Chalmers University of Technology, have used the telescope Alma (Atacama Large Millimetre/Submm
    Array) to make the sharpest observations yet of a star with the same starting mass as the Sun. The new images show for the first time details on the
    surface of the red giant W Hydrae, 320 light years distant in the constellation of Hydra, the Water Snake.

    W Hydrae is an example of an AGB (asymptotic giant branch) star. Such stars are cool, bright, old and lose mass via stellar winds. The name derives
    from their position on the famous Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, which classifies stars according to their brightness and temperature.

    VIRGO
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    18-month twinkle in a forming star suggests the existence of a very young planet - National Research Council Canada
    https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/stories/2017/star_formation.html

    An international team of researchers have found an infrequent variation in the brightness of a forming star. This 18-month recurring
    twinkle is not only an unexpected phenomenon for scientists, but its repeated behavior suggests the presence of a hidden planet.

    This discovery is an early win for the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Transient Survey, just one-and-a-half years into its three-
    year mandate to monitor eight galactic stellar nurseries for variations in the brightness of forming stars. This novel study is critical
    to understanding how stars and planets are assembled. The survey is led by Doug Johnstone, Research Officer at the National Research
    Council of Canada and Greg Herczeg, Professor at Peking University (China), and is supported by an international team of astronomers
    from Canada, China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan and the United Kingdom.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    [1711.01693] English and Spanish Translation of Zwicky's (1933) The Redshift of Extragalactic Nebulae
    https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.01693
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Can Organisms Sense via Radio Frequency? | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego
    https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/can-organisms-sense-radio-frequency

    A new project by researchers at the University of California San Diego will investigate a biological mystery that has so far gone unsolved: can organisms use radio frequencies to sense surroundings?

    Radio frequency waves (RF) are electromagnetic waves between the frequencies of 3 kilohertz to 300 gigahertz, used in radio, cellphones, wi-fi, radar, GPS, and many other systems. While humans have
    used RF technology to communicate for over 100 years, no living organism has ever been observed using RF to communicate without technology.

    But recently there have been clues that this may in fact occur.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    A Tour of the Zoomable Universe by Caleb Scharf and Ron Miller | Quanta Magazine
    https://www.quantamagazine.org/...-of-the-zoomable-universe-by-caleb-scharf-and-ron-miller-20171106/
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    VIRGO: https://www.centauri-dreams.org/?p=38679

    Just how elaborate is the planetary system around the nearest star? It’s a question rendered more interesting this morning by the news that the ALMA
    Observatory in Chile has now detected dust in the system in an area one to four times as far from Proxima Centauri as the Earth is from the Sun.
    Moreover, there are signs of what may be an outer dust belt, an indication that while we have already discovered Proxima Centauri b, we are looking
    at a system in which cold particles and debris that could have formed other planets continue to accompany the star.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Chandra :: Photo Album :: Jupiter :: November 6, 2017
    http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2017/jupiter/

    A Quick Look at Jupiter's Auroras
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P48vGm0q4a4


    New X-ray observations show the auroras — northern or southern lights — on Jupiter behave differently at each pole.

    This makes Jupiter puzzling and unlike Saturn (no known auroras) or Earth (where north and south pole auroras mirror one another).

    These latest X-ray findings are challenging the current theoretical models that explain the Jovian auroras.

    Scientists hope to combine Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Juno data to learn more about the source of Jupiter's auroras.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Tracing the Fuel for Forming Stars
    http://aasnova.org/2017/11/03/tracing-the-fuel-for-forming-stars/

    Huge reservoirs of cold hydrogen gas — the raw fuel for star formation — lurk in galaxies throughout the universe.
    A new study examines whether these reservoirs have always been similar, or whether those in distant galaxies are
    very different from those in local galaxies today.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Extremely massive exoplanet discovered in the Milky Way's bulge
    https://phys.org/news/2017-11-extremely-massive-exoplanet-milky-bulge.html

    As a result of NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope observations of a microlensing event, astronomers have found an extremely massive alien world
    circling a star located in the Milky Way's bulge. The newly discovered planet, designated OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb, is the first Spitzer
    microlensing exoworld residing in the galactic bulge. The finding was presented October 27 in a paper published on arXiv.org.

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