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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
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    Akatsuki's Amazing Views of Venus - Sky & Telescope
    http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/akatsukis-amazing-views-of-venus/

    Almost everyone considered Japan's Venus-bound orbiter a lost cause, but Akatsuki survived, reached its objective, and is wowing scientists with results.

    VIRGO
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    New galaxy survey to precisely measure the expanding Universe - ANU
    http://www.anu.edu.au/news/all-news/new-galaxy-survey-to-precisely-measure-the-expanding-universe

    ANU will play a major role in the Taipan galaxy survey, which will for the first time measure the current expansion rate of the Universe with one per cent precision.

    The Taipan survey aims to resolve a nagging discrepancy between previous measurements of the current expansion rate using the 'distance ladder' method and
    measurements of the long-ago expansion rate using the radiation left over from the Big Bang.

    The new TAIPAN facility installed on the refurbished UK Schmidt Telescope, one of the ANU telescopes at Siding Spring Observatory near Coonabarabran,
    was launched on Thursday by the Hon Zed Seselja, Assistant Minister for Science, Jobs and Innovation.

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    https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jpl/pia22092/the-penguin-and-the-egg

    This image of distant interacting galaxies, known collectively as Arp 142, bears an uncanny resemblance to a penguin guarding an egg. Data from NASA's
    Spitzer and Hubble space telescopes have been combined to show these dramatic galaxies in light that spans the visible and infrared parts of the spectrum.

    VIRGO
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    Emission from the Center of a Galaxy Has a Serpentine Shape
    http://www.sciencenewsline.com/news/2018013121570032.html

    In the second half of last year the blazar CTA 102, which is 7,600 million light years from Earth, brightened considerably,
    drawing the attention of all the astronomers who specialise in this kind of objects. The peak emission was detected on December 28th
    when it was 3,500 times greater than the brightness minima observed in previous years. This event was so exceptional that for a few
    days this object was the brightest blazar observed until now.

    VIRGO
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    Skvělé novinky od starého známého!
    New Universe Simulation Reveals High-Resolution Details About Cosmological Structures – Simons Foundation
    https://www.simonsfoundation.org/2018/01/31/illustristng-universe-simulation/

    An international team of astrophysicists has released IllustrisTNG, the most advanced universe model of its kind.

    Led by principal investigator Volker Springel at the Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, astrophysicists from the Max Planck Institutes for Astronomy
    (MPIA, Heidelberg) and Astrophysics (MPA, Garching), Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and the Flatiron Institute’s Center
    for Computational Astrophysics (CCA) developed and programmed the new universe simulation model, dubbed Illustris: The Next Generation, or IllustrisTNG.

    VIRGO
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    https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/01/180131095632.htm

    Researchers have identified a star which is a key to the formation of the first chemical elements in the Galaxy.

    VIRGO
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    Distant galaxy group contradicts common cosmological models, simulations
    https://news.uci.edu/.../01/distant-galaxy-group-contradicts-common-cosmological-models-simulations/

    An international team of astronomers has determined that Centaurus A, a massive elliptical galaxy 13 million light-years from Earth,
    is accompanied by a number of dwarf satellite galaxies orbiting the main body in a narrow disk. In a paper published today in Science,
    the researchers note that this is the first time such a galactic arrangement has been observed outside the Local Group, home to the Milky Way.

    VINCENT_BU
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    nový popularizující dokument
    Black Hole Apocalypse 2018 HD DOCUMENTARY
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TqKsV9FyV_c
    VIRGO
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    Oujééé!! :)

    Stellar Embryos in Nearby Dwarf Galaxy Contain Surprisingly Complex Organic Molecules - National Radio Astronomy Observatory
    https://public.nrao.edu/news/2018-alma-coms-lmc/

    The nearby dwarf galaxy known as the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is a chemically primitive place.

    Unlike the Milky Way, this semi-spiral collection of a few tens-of-billions of stars lacks our galaxy’s rich abundance of heavy elements, like carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. With such a dearth
    of heavy elements, astronomers predict that the LMC should contain a comparatively paltry amount of complex carbon-based molecules. Previous observations of the LMC seem to support that view.

    New observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), however, have uncovered the surprisingly clear chemical “fingerprints” of the complex organic molecules methanol,
    dimethyl ether, and methyl formate. Though previous observations found hints of methanol in the LMC, the latter two are unprecedented findings and stand as the most complex molecules ever
    conclusively detected outside of our galaxy.

    Astronomers discovered the molecules’ faint millimeter-wavelength “glow” emanating from two dense star-forming embryos in the LMC, regions known as “hot cores.” These observations may provide
    insights into the formation of similarly complex organic molecules early in the history of the universe.

    “Even though the Large Magellanic Cloud is one of our nearest galactic companions, we expect it should share some uncanny chemical similarity with distant, young galaxies from the early universe,”
    said Marta Sewiło, an astronomer with NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and lead author on a paper appearing in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.

    VIRGO
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    Newborns or survivors? The unexpected matter found in hostile black hole winds - Northwestern Now
    https://news.northwestern.edu/...-survivors-the-unexpected-matter-found-in-hostile-black-hole-winds/

    The existence of large numbers of molecules in winds powered by supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies has puzzled astronomers since they were discovered more than a decade ago.
    Molecules trace the coldest parts of space, and black holes are the most energetic phenomena in the universe, so finding molecules in black hole winds was like discovering ice in a furnace.

    Astronomers questioned how anything could survive the heat of the energetic outflows, but a new theory from researchers in Northwestern University’s Center for Interdisciplinary Research and
    Exploration in Astrophysics (CIERA) predicts that these molecules are not survivors at all, but brand-new molecules, born in the winds with unique properties that enable them to adapt to and
    thrive in the hostile environment.

    The theory, published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, is the work of Lindheimer post-doctoral fellow Alexander Richings, who developed the computer code that,
    for the first time, modeled the detailed chemical processes that occur in interstellar gas accelerated by radiation emitted during the growth of supermassive black holes.

    VIRGO
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    Interstellar Fullerenes May Help Find Solutions for Earthly Matters
    https://kpfu.ru/eng/news-eng/interstellar-fullerenes.html

    A group of astronomers is currently engaged in studies of fullerenes in interstellar medium. Among them are KFU alumni Gazinur Galazutdinov (Catholic University of
    the North, Chile) and Gennady Valyavin (Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences) and current KFU employee, Associate Professor at the
    Department of Astronomy and Space Geodesy Vladislav Shimansky. Together, they contributed to a recent paper in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

    The nearest interstellar clouds with confirmed fullerene presence are about 1,000 light years away from Earth. Electromagnetic spectra of 19 distant stars were
    provided by the VLT telescope in Chile, one of the largest in the world. The authors found fullerenes which left traces – absorption lines in certain frequencies.

    VIRGO
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    Impressive rocket re-entry over South America, large fragment found in Peru
    https://watchers.news/...impressive-rocket-re-entry-over-south-america-large-fragment-found-in-peru/

    Residents of eastern Brazil and northern Peru witnessed a rare atmospheric re-entry of a recently launched rocket that ended up hard landing in pieces
    over South America. The rocket was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on December 26, 2017, carrying AngoSat 1 Communications Satellite.

    Reentrada de lixo espacial no Acre, Rondônia e Peru parte 2 - imagens do fragmentos encontrados
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=15&v=llxoArXZpmY
    VIRGO
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    James Webb Space Telescope’s Multifaceted MIRI
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYIfmAbkk4k
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    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/super-blue-blood-moon-coming-jan-31

    Beginning at 5:30 a.m. EST on Jan. 31, a live feed of the Moon will be offered on NASA TV and NASA.gov/live. You can also follow at @NASAMoon.
    Weather permitting, the NASA TV broadcast will feature views from the varying vantage points of telescopes at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research
    Center in Edwards, California; Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles; and the University of Arizona’s Mt. Lemmon SkyCenter Observatory.

    VIRGO
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    Astrochemists reveal the magnetic secrets of methanol | Chalmers
    https://www.chalmers.se/...oso/news/Pages/Astrochemists-reveal-the-magnetic-secrets-of-methanol.aspx

    ​A team of scientists, led by Boy Lankhaar at Chalmers University of Technology, has solved an important puzzle in astrochemistry: how to measure magnetic fields in space
    using methanol, the simplest form of alcohol. Their results, published in the journal Nature Astronomy, give astronomers a new way of investigating how massive stars are born.

    ​Over the last half-century, many molecules have been discovered in space. Using radio telescopes, astronomers have with the help of these molecules been able to investigate just
    what happens in the dark and dense clouds where new stars and planets are born.

    Scientists can measure temperature, pressure and gas motions when they study the signature of molecules in the signals they detect. But especially where the most massive stars
    are born, there’s another major player that’s more difficult to measure: magnetic fields.

    VIRGO
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    Space in Images - 2018 - 01 - Obscured Sirius reveals Gaia 1 cluster
    http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2018/01/Obscured_Sirius_reveals_Gaia_1_cluster

    Dazzling stars like Sirius are both a blessing and a curse for astronomers. Their bright appearance provides plenty of light
    to study their properties, but also outshines other celestial sources that happen to lie in the same patch of sky.

    This is why Sirius has been masked in this picture taken by amateur astronomer Harald Kaiser on 10 January from Karlsruhe,
    a city in the southwest of Germany.

    Once the glare of Sirius is removed, an interesting object becomes visible to its left: the stellar cluster Gaia 1, first
    spotted last year using data from ESA’s Gaia satellite.

    Gaia 1 is an open cluster – a family of stars all born at the same time and held together by gravity – and it is located
    some 15 000 light-years away. Its chance alignment next to nearby, bright Sirius kept it hidden to generations of astronomers
    that have been sweeping the heavens with their telescopes over the past four centuries. But not to the inquisitive eye of Gaia,
    which has been charting more than a billion stars in our Milky Way galaxy.

    IoW_20180129 - Cosmos
    https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/iow_20180129

    VIRGO
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    What would it have been like to witness the beginning of the universe?
    https://theconversation.com/...ould-it-have-been-like-to-witness-the-beginning-of-the-universe-90043

    In the Big Bang, space was suffused with light. A fraction of a second after the event, the universe was over a million trillion
    times smaller than an atom. It was also hot: a septillion (one followed by 24 zeroes) times hotter than the centre of the sun.

    From this small and hot beginning, the expansion and cooling started. In this early stage, the universe was extremely bright and
    at frequencies of light that humans cannot see. There were no stars, only a uniform and formless soup of particles. In opening your
    eyes to the night sky – if such a thing were possible in the moment before you burned up – you would have been instantly blinded by
    the intensity of the light (even light outside visible frequencies can harm our eyes).

    [1801.03278] How Bright Was the Big Bang?
    https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.03278

    VIRGO
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    2018 | University of Canterbury
    http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/...ws-first-jet-from-massive-young-star-detected-outside-our-galaxy.html

    In a significant astronomical discovery, a University of Canterbury scientist has made the very first detection of a jet from a very young, massive star in a galaxy that is not our own.

    Dr McLeod is the lead author of the new article about the discovery “A parsec-scale optical jet from a massive young star in the Large Magellanic Cloud”, co-authored with researchers
    in Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States, which has been published today in Nature, one of the highest-impact scientific journals.

    The researchers say the jet spans about 36 light years (or 11 parsecs), which makes it among the largest jets of its kind ever found. The star powering the jet appears to be about
    12 times as massive as our Sun. The data used for this work comes from the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile’s Atacama Desert, which is among the largest optical telescopes in
    the world and is one of the most competitive telescopes on which to obtain precious observing time.

    VIRGO
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    Where are You Going in 2018 (Cosmically Speaking)? - Out There
    http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/outthere/2018/01/24/going-2018-cosmically-speaking/#.WmnVZPmnFhE

    How to answer the question Where are you going? depends entirely your reference frame. There is no master set of coordinates for the universe (thanks a lot, Einstein),
    so you can only answer the question by addressing the subordinate question, In relation to what? Fortunately, that’s exactly when things start to get interesting.

    Astronomy textbooks typically depict our motion through space in terms of vector arrows pointing in different directions, indicating the direction of Earth’s orbit
    around the Sun and the like. A recent question on Quora got me thinking about things a different way, however. What if you were suddenly motionless relative to the
    various cosmic reference frames about you? What would you see and experience if you made yourself the center of the universe, and let everything else move around you?

    VIRGO
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    Europa and Other Planetary Bodies May Have Extremely Low-Density Surfaces | Planetary Science Institute
    http://www.psi.edu/news/press-releases

    Spacecraft landing on Jupiter’s moon Europa could see the craft sink due to high surface porosity, research by Planetary Science Institute Senior Scientist Robert Nelson shows.

    Nelson was the lead author of a laboratory study of the photopolarimetric properties of bright particles that explain unusual negative polarization behavior at low phase angles
    observed for decades in association with atmosphereless bodies including asteroids 44 Nysa, 64 Angelina and the Galilean satellites Io, Europa and Ganymede.

    These observations are explained by extremely fine-grained particles with void space greater than about 95 percent. Grain sizes would be on the order of the wavelength of light
    of the observations (a fraction of a micron). This corresponds to material that would be less dense than freshly fallen snow, raising questions about the risk of a Europa lander
    sinking into the surface of the Jupiter satellite.

    This work was published in the journal Icarus and is titled "Laboratory simulations of planetary surfaces: Understanding regolith physical properties from remote photopolarimetric
    observations."

    Observations were made using a goniometric photopolarimeter of novel design located at Mt. San Antonio College in Walnut, California. The powders used were aluminum oxide
    (Al2O3), which is an excellent regolith analog for high albedo airless bodies in the solar system, including water ice bodies such as Europa.

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