Eta forms, tying Atlantic record for most tropical systems in a season | Ars Technica
https://arstechnica.com/...11/eta-forms-tying-atlantic-record-for-most-tropical-systems-in-a-season/

This is the 28th named storm of the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season, and ties 2005 for the most tropical storms and hurricanes to be recorded in a single season. The Atlantic "basin" covers the Atlantic ocean north of the equator, as well as the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea.
...
Another measure of overall activity is Accumulated Cyclone Energy, which factors in the longevity and overall intensity of storms. The years 1933 and 2005 rank atop this list over the last 150 years, with ACE values above 250. The 2020 season has a value of about 140, nearly 40 percent above a "normal" Atlantic season.
...
Climate scientists will be studying this season for some time. Generally, scientists think that although there may not necessarily be more tropical storms and hurricanes in a warmer world, the storms that do form will be more intense, and produce more rainfall. They also expect that with warmer seas, hurricane seasons may expand beyond their traditional start and end dates.

PER2:

On Wednesday, a nonprofit organization called SilverLining announced $3 million in research grants to Cornell University, the University of Washington, Rutgers University, the National Center for Atmospheric Research and others. The work will focus on practical questions, such as how high in the atmosphere to inject sunlight-reflecting aerosols, how to shoot the right size particles into clouds to make them brighter, and the effect on the world’s food supply

...

growing body of work already underway. In December, Congress gave the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration $4 million to research the technology. NOAA will also start gathering data that will let it detect whether other countries start using geoengineering secretly. And Australia is funding experiments to determine whether and how the technology can save the Great Barrier Reef.

“Decarbonizing is necessary but going to take 20 years or more,” Chris Sacca, co-founder of Lowercarbon Capital, an investment group that is one of SilverLining’s funders, said in a statement. “If we don’t explore climate interventions like sunlight reflection now, we are surrendering countless lives, species, and ecosystems to heat.”

One way to cool the earth is by injecting aerosols into the upper layer of the atmosphere, where those particles reflect sunlight away from the earth. That process works, according to Douglas MacMartin, a researcher in mechanical and aerospace engineering at Cornell University whose team received funding. “We know with 100 percent certainty that we can cool the planet,” Dr. MacMartin said in an interview.

What’s still unclear, he added, is what happens next.

Temperature, Dr. MacMartin said, is a proxy for a lot of climate effects. “What does it do to the strength of hurricanes? What does it do to agriculture yields? What does it do to the risk of forest fires?”

To help answer those questions, Dr. MacMartin will model the specific weather effects of injecting aerosols into the atmosphere above different parts of the globe, and also at different altitudes. “Depending on where you put it, you will have different effects on the monsoon in Asia,” he said. “You will have different effects on Arctic sea ice.”

...

Injecting aerosol into the stratosphere isn’t the only way to bounce more of the sun’s rays back into space. The Australian government is funding research into what’s called “marine cloud brightening,” which is meant to make clouds more reflective by spraying saltwater into the air. The goal is to get salt particles to act as nuclei in those clouds, encouraging the formation of many small water droplets, which will increase the brightness of the clouds.

Australian researchers say they hope the technique can save the Great Barrier Reef.

po dlouhy dobe sem pridal clanek na blog, ohledne Keena X Nordhause. porad mi nejde dostat z hlavy, jak moh dostat Nobelovku, tak sem to musel nekam hodit :)

Nobelist totally wrong on climate prediction and economic impact – Game Changer
https://worklife.game.blog/...1/01/nobelist-totally-wrong-on-climate-prediction-and-economic-impact/

budu rad za feedback... ale umerne blogu, dik .)

snad nebylo

The Secrets of Capturing Carbon with Soils
https://vimeo.com/457920358

Elektrárny na zemní plyn nejsou vhodnou náhradou za uhlí, ukazují studie
https://www.czechsight.cz/...arny-na-zemni-plyn-nejsou-vhodnou-nahradou-za-uhli-ukazuje-nova-studie/

Elektrárny na zemní plyn tedy stále nabízejí úspory skleníkových plynů oproti elektrárnám na uhlí, tyto úspory jsou však v současnosti značně menší, než se předpokládalo. Evropská komise na tato zjištění reaguje novým nařízením, kdy od roku 2021 budou muset všichni dovozci zemního plynu do EU měřit a dokládat úniky zemního plynu při těžbě a budou mít povinnost tyto úniky snižovat na přijatelnou úroveň. Podle letošní zprávy International Energy Agency (IEA) je možné za použití současných technologií úniky zemního plynu na světě snížit až o 75 %.

Green bonds fall short in biodiversity and sustainable land-use finance
https://news.globallandscapesforum.org/...odiversity-and-sustainable-land-use-finance-says-research/

How can Green Bonds catalyse investments in biodiversity and sustainable land-use projects? - Global Landscapes Forum
https://www.globallandscapesforum.org/...estments-in-biodiversity-and-sustainable-land-use-projects/

Despite their significance to life on Earth, biodiversity and sustainable land-use sectors attracted a mere three percent of the USD 257.7 billion raised through green bonds issued last year, says a new paper. Dominant sectors, including energy and transportation, absorbed almost 80 percent of green bond proceeds in the past three years.

...

Overall, the green bond market is “rapidly scaling up” in value, according to the paper, but biodiversity and sustainable land use have been less appealing to investors because these can be under-developed in terms of information reporting, measurement and impact metrics. Yet the need is great: some 2 billion hectares of degraded land worldwide require restoration – a figure growing by about 12 million hectares annually, says the paper, citing figures from the World Resources Institutes (WRI) and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). Forest and landscape restoration will require no less than USD 40 billion annually in each of the next 10 years to achieve the world’s commitments made through the Bonn Challenge, Initiative 20×20, AFR100 and the New York Declaration on Forests.

...

There is a significant need for finance for the landscape approach and for biodiversity protection,” says Chahine. Landscape approaches balance competing land use demands in a way that is best for human well-being as well as the environment.

“Green bonds might represent a good, innovative tool for these sectors, which hasn’t been receiving much attention within the broader green bond allocation,” he says.

Furthermore, the European Union Sustainable Finance Taxonomy, now in development, could be a “game-changer” in terms of boosting interest in green bonds, by setting clear definitions of what economic activities and investments can be sold as genuinely “green” and that contribute to sustainable land use, biodiversity and other critical sectors, says Liagre.

zpatky k plastum. ktery klima sice nezachrani, ale aspon se usetri naka ropa a skladkovani

Můžeme se nějak zbavit záplavy jednorázových plastových obalů? Britský startup sází na překvapivý materiál - Ekolist.cz
https://ekolist.cz/...avy-jednorazovych-plastovych-obalu-britsky-startup-sazi-na-prekvapivy-material

Výhodou takových obalů je, že se po vyhození rozloží za 4-6 týdnů. V porovnání s normálním plastovým obalem, kterému to trvá několik set let, jde o zanedbatelný čas. Chaluhy jsou oproti jiným alternativám klasického plastu založených například na škrobu ekologičtější – na jejich pěstování není zapotřebí žádná půda a rostou velmi rychle.
„Je to jeden ze zdrojů, kterého je opravdu hodně,“ říká spoluzakladatel společnosti Rodrigo Garcia. „Jedna z chaluh, kterou používáme, roste metr za den. Dokážete si představit něco takového? Přitom nepotřebujete žádné hnojivo. A navíc je to zdroj, který můžete používat opravdu dlouhodobě.“

Prisoners of the Wrong Dilemma: Why Distributive Conflict, Not Collective Action, Characterizes the Politics of Climate Change
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3281045

Thread by @mmildenberger on Thread Reader App – Thread Reader App
https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1321858069827973125.html

Exciting news! @MichaelAklin and my new provocation is out in @GepJournal. We make a simple but far-reaching claim. **Empirically, climate politics is NOT primarily about collective action or free-riding**. A quick on why we've all been prisoners of the wrong dilemma

For decades now, we've all assumed that free-riding is the binding constraint on global climate politics. Google "climate change" and "free-riding", and it generates 18000+ unique hits. Economists mince few words about this.

The logic of free-riding seems powerful. No country can solve climate change alone. But acting is costly. So every country wants to free-ride off of other country's action. But then no-one has an incentive to act

It's a fabulous idea. And you literally cannot overstate its influence. We've structured decades of climate negotiations on the assumption it is true. But is it? Do the empirics match this reality we've constructed? The surprising answer: not really!

In our article, @MichaelAklin and I review the empirical evidence to evaluate whether it's consistent with our dominant collective-action flavored theory of climate politics. Shocking fact: we can't find ANY empirical evidence that shows it to be clearly correct.

Instead, our review points to three things:

1⃣National policy action occurs in the absence of institutions to manage free-riding. For example, US leaving Kyoto did not alter pace of reforms in other countries

2⃣The public behaves like an unconditional climate cooperator! Most experiments and surveys do not find evidence that public support for action goes down in the presence of free-riding.

3⃣National political actors also behave in a mostly unconditional fashion. For example, we revisit the Byrd-Hagel resolution and Bush's decision to reject Kyoto. We show that free-riding concerns were largely rhetorical, not substantive

In short, we can't actually locate any empirical evidence to suggest that free-riding in practice constrains global climate politics, even though policymakers and academics have blindly assumed this fact for decades. Much more on this in paper (and more nuanced too!).

So what explains climate politics if not free-riding concerns? We think economic conflict between policy winners and losers is the real binding constraint on global climate politics. It can account for existing empirical evidence more completely *and* parsimoniously.

...

We've spent four decades assuming international institutions should primarily remedy free-riding. But maybe that's the wrong dilemma! Given the urgency of the threat, we can't risk our climate politics being a prisoner of the wrong theories. The stakes are too high.

Scientist Rebellion
https://www.facebook.com/101682751683302/posts/134971371687773/

We’ve just sent this letter to Nature, asking them to issue an editorial calling on their readers to engage in NVDA against governments, in defence of truth and life.