Air pollution particles may be contributing to dramatic drop in global insect numbershttps://phys.org/news/2023-07-air-pollution-particles-contributing-global.htmlResearchers from the University of Melbourne, Beijing Forestry University, and the University of California Davis report that an insect's ability to find food and a mate is reduced when their antennae are contaminated by particulate matter from industry, transport, bushfires, and other sources of air pollution.
Using a scanning electron microscope, they found that as air pollution increases, more particulate material collects on the sensitive antennae of houseflies. This material contains solid particles or liquid droplets suspended in air and can include toxic heavy metals and organic substances from coal, oil, petrol, or woodfires.
They exposed houseflies for just 12 hours to varying levels of air pollution in Beijing and then placed the flies in a Y-shaped tube "maze." Uncontaminated flies typically chose the arm of the Y-maze leading to a smell of food or sex pheromones, while contaminated flies selected an arm at random, with 50:50 probability.
Neural tests confirmed that antenna contamination significantly reduced the strength of odor-related electrical signals sent to the flies' brains—it compromised their capacity to detect odors.