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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Quickest we could visit another star is 69 years – here’s how | New Scientist
    https://www.newscientist.com/.../2128443-quickest-we-could-visit-another-star-is-69-years-heres-how/

    René Heller at the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Göttingen, Germany, says we could reach and orbit Sirius,
    the brightest star in our night sky, in just 69 years. This is despite the fact that it is twice as far away as our nearest stars
    in the Alpha Centauri system, which would take at least 90 years to reach.

    A private enterprise called Breakthrough Starshot is hoping to send a fleet of small, wafer-thin spacecraft to visit Alpha Centauri
    and explore its tantalising planets. Previous estimates by Breakthrough Starshot have indicated they could reach Alpha Centauri in
    just 20 years, travelling at a fifth of the speed of light. But this estimate was calculated for a flyby mission, passing by
    in just a few seconds.
    VIRGO
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    W. M. KECK OBSERVATORY ACHIEVES FIRST LIGHT WITH NEW INSTRUMENT
    INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROGRAPH TO PROVIDE UNPRECEDENTED VIEW OF DEEP SPACE
    W. M. Keck Observatory Achieves First Light with KCWI W. M. Keck Observatory
    http://www.keckobservatory.org/recent/entry/kcwi_achieves_first_light

    W. M. Keck Observatory recently captured the very first successful science data from its newest, cutting-edge instrument, the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI).

    KCWI captures three-dimensional data, as opposed to the traditional two-dimensional image or spectrum of conventional instruments. In a single observation,
    it records an image of the object at multiple wavelengths allowing scientists to explore both the spatial dimension (as in an image) and the spectral
    dimension (or color) of an object.

    Maunakea Astronomy
    http://campaign.r20.constantcontact.com/...r?m=1101336625199&ca=06c51e0c-6f5e-4028-8b97-f0bc391e923d

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    News | New Look at 2004's Martian Hole-in-One Site
    https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6824

    A new observation from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) captures the landing platform that the rover Opportunity left behind in Eagle Crater
    more than 13 years and 27 miles (or 44 kilometers) ago. A series of bounces and tumbles after initial touchdown plunked the airbag-cushioned lander
    into the crater, a mere 72 feet (22 meters) across, on Jan. 25, 2004, Universal Time (Jan. 24, PST). The scene includes Eagle Crater and Opportunity's
    nearby parachute and backshell, from the April 10, 2017, observation by MRO's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera.

    This is the first color view from HiRISE of the Eagle Crater scene. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter began orbiting Mars more than two years after
    Opportunity's landing. One of the first images from HiRISE in 2006 showed Opportunity at the rim of a much larger crater, Victoria, nearly 4 miles
    (about 6 kilometers) south of the landing site. The camera also recorded a monochrome view of Eagle Crater that year.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    New phenomenon discovered in the night sky
    https://watchers.news/2017/04/21/new-phenomenon-discovered-in-the-night-sky/

    A new phenomenon seen as a giant purple streak of light in the night sky has been recently discovered and, for lack of a better word,
    named Steve. Steve was discovered thanks to scientists, citizen scientists, ground-based imagers and ESA's magnetic field Swarm mission.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Intriguing "lake" of dust hanging out at the bottom of a multi-layered crater
    HiRISE | Slope Monitoring (ESP_049317_1675)
    http://www.uahirise.org/ESP_049317_1675

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Death by Asteroid: The Most Likely Ways for a Space Rock to Kill You
    http://www.space.com/36532-killer-asteroids-most-likely-death-causes.html

    If you live in fear of an asteroid strike, here's some detail to help flesh out your nightmares.

    A killer space rock is most likely to get you via violent winds that fling you against something hard or powerful shock waves that rupture your
    internal organs, according to a new study.

    "This is the first study that looks at all seven impact effects generated by hazardous asteroids and estimates which are, in terms of human loss,
    most severe," lead author Clemens Rumpf, a senior research assistant at the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom, said in a statement.

    Rumpf and his colleagues simulated 50 000 asteroid strikes around the globe using computer models. These artificial impacts involved space rocks
    15 to 400 meters — the size range that hits Earth most frequently, the scientists said.

    Then, the team estimated the percentage of deaths caused by each of the seven effects Rumpf referred to: shock waves, wind blasts, heat, flying
    debris, cratering, seismic shaking and tsunamis.

    Wind and shock waves were the most deadly, together accounting for more than 60 percent of all lives lost. (Though these two effects act in concert,
    wind blasts were far more devastating than shock waves, the study found.) The sizzling heat of an impact was responsible for nearly 30 percent of
    deaths, and tsunamis took most of the rest.

    Asteroid impact effects and their immediate hazards for human populations - Rumpf - 2017 - Geophysical Research Letters - Wiley Online Library
    http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017GL073191/full

    Increase in average casualties per impactor size and the increasing contribution by each impact effect. First casualties due to wind blast and thermal radiation occurred at 18 m.
    Impactors of 40 m produced the first pressure losses, and first surface impacts were recorded for impactors larger than 56 m. (b) Impact effect dominance distribution over
    the asteroid size range up to 400 m.

    VIRGO
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    A creative way to scan for life on other Earths: Build a 60-mirror, 74-meter telescope called Colossus.
    Colossus Telescope
    http://the-colossus.com/technology.html

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    BBC - Future - Infographic: Absolute zero to ‘absolute hot’
    http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20131218-absolute-zero-to-absolute-hot
    BBC Future takes the temperature of our planet – and the Universe – to find the hottest and coldest things ever measured.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Approximate true color close-up of Saturn's rings seen by Cassini on April 19th with processing of Kevin Gill.
    Assembled from raw uncalibrated red, green, and ultraviolet (UV3) filtered images. Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SSI/Kevin M. Gill
    Saturn - April 19 2017 | Assembled from raw uncalibrated red… | Flickr
    https://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinmgill/34049287211/

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    The future of planetary defense
    By Amy Mainzer

    The future of planetary defense - Mainzer - 2017 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets - Wiley Online Library
    http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017JE005318/full

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Tune in to 2 days of discussions on "newly discovered Earth-like 'exoplanets' in the Alpha
    Centauri and TRAPPIST-1 planetary systems" and what these discoveries mean for the search for life.

    Breakthrough Initiatives to Webcast Search for Life Conference on Newfound Exoplanets
    Breakthrough Initiatives
    https://breakthroughinitiatives.org/Events/DiscussConference

    You can watch it via FB: https://www.facebook.com/BreakthroughPrize

    The event will take place April 20 and 21, and will feature presentations and panel discussions that focus on two recent discoveries of
    potentially habitable planets orbiting stars relatively close to Earth's solar system, according to a statement from the organization.

    The entire conference will be webcast to the public via Facebook Live. The complete a list of speakers and the conference schedule can be
    found on the Breakthrough Initiatives website. The program begins at 9 a.m. PDT (12 p.m. EDT/1600GMT) each day, and runs until 5:50 p.m.
    PDT on April 20 and until 4:30 p.m. PDT on April 21.
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    VIRGO:
    First detection of equatorial dark dust lane in a protostellar disk at submillimeter wavelength
    https://vimeo.com/213738858
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    First clear image made of accretion disk surrounding young star
    https://phys.org/news/2017-04-image-accretion-disk-young-star.html

    A team of researchers from the U.S. and Taiwan has captured the first clear image of a young star surrounded by an accretion disk.
    In their paper published in the journal Science Advances, the team describes how the image was captured and details of their find.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    This weekend, it's the beginning of the end for Cassini | The Planetary Society
    http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/2017/20170419-cassini-beginning-of-end-cassini.html

    This Saturday, in the pre-dawn hours of Earth Day, NASA's long-lived Saturn spacecraft will buzz Titan for the 127th and final time.
    The moon's gravity will bend Cassini's trajectory, sending it into a new orbit that will slice between Saturn's rings and the planet
    itself—a feat never before attempted.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Throughout its 27-year history, Hubble has seen enough of the Universe to fill 100 episodes of the Hubblecast — 10 hours worth!
    These episodes have captured the science, culture, trials, and successes of Hubble, ranging from its spectacular images to its
    cutting-edge discoveries to its impact on society. This special 100th Hubblecast reflects on the past 99 episodes, and includes
    the smartest, funniest, weirdest and most creative moments.

    Hubblecast 100: Best of Hubblecast
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLsY71VU4h0


    Happy Birthday Hubble Space Telescope! Today the space telescope turns 27, celebrating years of discoveries and exploration
    https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/2017/highlights-of-hubble-s-exploration-of-the-universe

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Rare Supernova Discovery Ushers in New Era for Cosmology | Berkeley Lab
    http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2017/04/20/rare-gravitational-lensing-supernova/

    Berkeley Lab astrophysicists develop novel method for finding gravitationally lensed Type 1a supernovae

    With the help of an automated supernova-hunting pipeline and a galaxy sitting 2 billion light years away from Earth
    that’s acting as a “magnifying glass,’’ astronomers have captured multiple images of a Type Ia supernova—the brilliant
    explosion of a star—appearing in four different locations on the sky. So far this is the only Type Ia discovered that
    has exhibited this effect.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    http://www.sciencemag.org/...et-may-have-trapped-antihelium-raising-idea-lingering-pools-antimatter

    Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is finally delivering on the promise of its original name, when "AM" stood for "antimatter."

    So far, the AMS has measured the masses and electric charges of some 90 billion particles that have passed through the magnet's maw.
    Nearly all of those are protons and helium nuclei, along with a smattering of electrons and nuclei of carbon, oxygen, and iron. A precious
    few are antiprotons and positrons: the antimatter counterparts of protons and electrons. To Ting, those antiparticles may be clues to the unseen
    "dark matter" that weighs down galaxies with extra gravity, although many astrophysicists regard them as the byproduct of humdrum galactic events.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Can we see a singularity, the most extreme object in the universe?
    https://phys.org/news/2017-04-singularity-extreme-universe.html

    A team of scientists at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai, India,
    have found new ways to detect a bare or naked singularity, the most extreme object in the universe.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    The recurrent rubber duck shape of minor planetary bodies
    https://medium.com/...ker1973/the-recurrent-rubber-duck-shape-of-minor-planetary-bodies-5cf6f0b0aadd

    Probably the most interesting aspect resulting from the observation, is that asteroid 2014 JO25 is a contact binary, and about twice the size
    we though it was. The shape is clearly composed by two lobes (and the observations could infer that one lobe is around 620 meters in diameter).

    Many small planetary bodies in our Solar System have been found with this particular shapes, very often nicknamed “rubber duck shape” due to
    the neck-like region that recalls a rubber toy.

    Asteroids suspected of being contact binaries include the unusually elongated 624 Hektor and the bilobated 216 Kleopatra and 4769 Castalia.
    25143 Itokawa, which was photographed by the Hayabusa probe, also appears to be a contact binary which has resulted in an elongated, bent body.
    About 10–15% of near-Earth asteroids larger than 200 meters are expected to be contact binaries with two lobes in mutual contact.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    A New Angle on Two Spiral Galaxies for Hubble's 27th Birthday
    https://www.nasa.gov/...re/goddard/2017/a-new-angle-on-two-spiral-galaxies-for-hubbles-27th-birthday

    In celebration of the 27th anniversary of the launch of NASA's Hubble Space Telescope on April 24, 1990, astronomers used the legendary telescope to take
    a portrait of a stunning pair of spiral galaxies. This starry pair offers a glimpse of what our Milky Way galaxy would look like to an outside observer.

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