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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    +2
    Long duration M2.4 solar flare erupts, Earth-directed CME
    https://watchers.news/2017/07/14/m2-4-solar-flare-july-14-2017/

    Active Region 2665 produced a long duration solar flare measuring M2.4 at its peak time on July 14, 2017. Today's event lasted for more than 2 hours;
    it started at 01:07, peaked at 02:09 and ended at 03:24 UTC. The eruption produced a coronal mass ejection (CME) which appears to have an Earth-directed
    component. This region is now moving away from the center of the Earth-facing Sun but could still produce moderate to strong eruptions in the days ahead.

    The eruption was associated with a Type IV radio emission. Type IV emissions occur in association with major eruptions on the Sun and are typically
    associated with strong coronal mass ejections and solar radiation storms. This CME will likely reach Earth late Monday, July 16 or early Tuesday, July 17.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    +1
    https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jpl/pia21782/mars-and-the-amazing-technicolor-ejecta-blanket

    This image from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter shows the exposed bedrock of an ejecta blanket of an unnamed crater in the Mare Serpentis region of Mars. Ejecta,
    when exposed, are truly an eye-opening feature, as they reveal the sometimes exotic subsurface, and materials created by impacts (close-up view). This ejecta shares
    similarities to others found elsewhere on Mars, which are of particular scientific interest for the extent of exposure and diverse colors. (For example, the Hargraves
    Crater ejecta, in the Nili Fossae trough region, was once considered as a candidate landing site for the next NASA Mars rover 2020.)

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    +1
    Asteroid 2012 TC4 to safely flyby Earth on October 12, 2017
    https://watchers.news/2017/07/13/asteroid-2012-tc4-october-12-2017/

    A small Apollo-class asteroid named 2012 TC4 will safely flyby Earth at 06:07 UTC ( ± 02:51) on October 12, 2012.

    This asteroid has not ben seen since it was discovered in October 2012, when it flew past Earth at about 0.25 LD
    (¼ the distance from Earth to the Moon), so it's difficult to know how close it will pass us this time. However,
    as it starts to approach us this summer, large telescopes will be used to re-establish its precise trajectory and
    narrow the uncertainty.

    "We know the orbit of 2012 TC4 well enough to be certain that it won’t hit Earth," said Paul Chodas, manager of
    the Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS), at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    A New Search for Extrasolar Planets from the Arecibo Observatory - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo
    http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/barnard

    The National Science Foundation’s Arecibo Observatory and the Planetary Habitability Laboratory of the University of Puerto Rico
    at Arecibo joined the Red Dots project in the search for new planets around our nearest stars. This new collaboration will
    simultaneously observe in both the optical and radio spectrum Barnard’s Star, a popular star in the science fiction literature.

    Barnard's star is a low-mass red dwarf almost six light-years away and the second-closest stellar system to our Sun after
    the Alpha Centauri triple-star system. There are hints of a possible super-Earth mass planet in a cold orbit around this star.

    The Arecibo Observatory has a new campaign to observe nearby red dwarf stars with planets. The purpose of this campaign is to detect
    radio emissions from these stars, such as from flares, to help characterize their radiation and magnetic environment and any potential
    perturbations due to other bodies. These perturbations might reveal the presence of new sub-stellar objects including planets.

    Barnard’s Star will be the eighth red dwarf star to be recently observed by the Arecibo Observatory. Results from Gliese 436, Ross 128,
    Wolf 359, HD 95735, BD +202465, V* RY Sex, and K2-18 are currently being analyzed. These observations are led by Prof. Abel Méndez,
    Director of the Planetary Habitability Laboratory of the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo in collaboration with Dr. Jorge Zuluaga
    from the Universidad de Antioquia in Colombia.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15978

    The Eridania region in the southern highlands of Mars once contained a vast inland sea with a volume of water greater than that of all other Martian lakes combined.
    Here we show that the most ancient materials within Eridania are thick (>400 m), massive (not bedded), mottled deposits containing saponite, talc-saponite, Fe-rich
    mica (for example, glauconite-nontronite), Fe- and Mg-serpentine, Mg-Fe-Ca-carbonate and probable Fe-sulphide that likely formed in a deep water (500–1,500 m)
    hydrothermal setting. The Eridania basin occurs within some of the most ancient terrain on Mars where striking evidence for remnant magnetism might suggest an early
    phase of crustal spreading. The relatively well-preserved seafloor hydrothermal deposits in Eridania are contemporaneous with the earliest evidence for life on Earth
    in potentially similar environments 3.8 billion years ago, and might provide an invaluable window into the environmental conditions of early Earth.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    +3
    Inside China's Supermassive Alien-Searching Radio Dish - Motherboard
    https://motherboard.vice.com/...article/8xagza/inside-chinas-supermassive-alien-searching-radar-dish

    The 500 meter wide FAST dish has made a poor rural province the center of China's search for extraterrestrial life.
    But how likely is it the telescope will indeed start intercepting alien messages?

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    How to Find an Inhabited Exoplanet
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8f5wV4KRZXU
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Chandra Peers into a Nurturing Cloud | NASA
    https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/images/chandra-peers-into-a-nurturing-cloud.html

    The giant molecular cloud known as W51 is one of the closest to Earth at a distance of about 17,000 light years. Because of its
    relative proximity, W51 provides astronomers with an excellent opportunity to study how stars are forming in our Milky Way galaxy.

    A new composite image of W51 shows the high-energy output from this stellar nursery, where X-rays from Chandra are colored blue.
    In about 20 hours of Chandra exposure time, over 600 young stars were detected as point-like X-ray sources, and diffuse X-ray emission
    from interstellar gas with a temperature of a million degrees or more was also observed. Infrared light observed with NASA’s Spitzer
    Space Telescope appears orange and yellow-green and shows cool gas and stars surrounded by disks of cool material.

    A Tour of W51
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rwrQsXWpXSw
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    +5
    NASA's Juno Spacecraft Completes Flyby over Jupiter’s Great Red Spot
    https://www.nasa.gov/...ture/jpl/nasas-juno-spacecraft-completes-flyby-over-jupiter-s-great-red-spot

    The Great Red Spot is a 10,000-mile-wide (16,000-kilometer-wide) storm that has been monitored since 1830 and
    has possibly existed for more than 350 years. In modern times, the Great Red Spot has appeared to be shrinking.

    Juno reached perijove (the point at which an orbit comes closest to Jupiter's center) on July 10 at 6:55 p.m.
    PDT (9:55 p.m. EDT). At the time of perijove, Juno was about 2,200 miles (3,500 kilometers) above the planet's
    cloud tops. Eleven minutes and 33 seconds later, Juno had covered another 24,713 miles (39,771 kilometers), and
    was passing directly above the coiling crimson cloud tops of the Great Red Spot. The spacecraft passed about
    5,600 miles (9,000 kilometers) above the clouds of this iconic feature.

    Awesome animation processing of JunoCam data from Perijove 5 & 6 combine by Sean Doran.
    https://www.flickr.com/photos/136797589@N04/35861846835/

    Last JUNO perijove - GRS flyby in animation from Glitch Black.
    Glitch Black — JUNO’S JUPITER FLYBY
    http://glitchblackmusic.tumblr.com/post/162904544221/junos-jupiter-flyby



    The first images of Jupiter's Great Red Spot by Juno as taken during the latest perijove.
    https://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/junocam/processing/



    This illustration depicts NASA's Juno spacecraft in orbit above Jupiter’s Great Red Spot. Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    New 'hot Jupiter' with short orbital period discovered
    https://phys.org/news/2017-07-hot-jupiter-short-orbital-period.html

    An international team of astronomers reports the discovery of a new "hot Jupiter" exoplanet with a short orbital period
    of just three and a half days. The newly detected giant planet, designated KELT-20b, circles a rapidly rotating star known
    as HD 185603 (or KELT-20). The finding was presented in a paper published July 5 on arXiv.org.

    The new planet was identified by a group of researchers led by Michael Lund of the Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee.
    The astronomers observed HD 185603 using the KELT-North telescope in Arizona to identify the initial transit signal of a potential
    planet. The observations were made as part of the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) survey, which is dedicated to
    searching for transiting exoplanets around bright stars.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/nasas-sdo-watches-a-sunspot-turn-toward-earth

    An active region on the sun — an area of intense and complex magnetic fields — has rotated into view on the sun and seems to be growing
    rather quickly in this video captured by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory between July 5-11, 2017. Such sunspots are a common occurrence
    on the sun, but are less frequent as we head toward solar minimum, which is the period of low solar activity during its regular approximately
    11-year cycle. This sunspot is the first to appear after the sun was spotless for two days, and it is the only sunspot group at this moment.
    Like freckles on the face of the sun, they appear to be small features, but size is relative: The dark core of this sunspot is actually
    larger than Earth.

    NASA’s SDO Watches a Sunspot Turn Toward Earth
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNng0KrNUuI
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    National Optical Astronomy Observatory Press Release: Distant Galaxies ‘Lift the Veil’ on the End of the Cosmic Dark Ages
    https://www.noao.edu/news/2017/pr1703.php

    Astronomers studying the distant Universe have found that small star-forming galaxies were abundant when the Universe was only 800 million years old,
    a few percent of its present age. The results suggest that the earliest galaxies, which illuminated and ionized the Universe, formed at even earlier times.

    Long ago, about 300,000 years after the beginning of the Universe (the Big Bang), the Universe was dark. There were as yet no stars and galaxies, and
    the Universe was filled with neutral hydrogen gas. At some point the first galaxies appeared, and their energetic radiation ionized their surroundings,
    the intergalactic gas, illuminating and transforming the Universe.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Smallest-ever star discovered by astronomers | University of Cambridge
    https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/smallest-ever-star-discovered-by-astronomers

    The smallest star yet measured has been discovered by a team of astronomers led by the University of Cambridge. With a size just a sliver
    larger than that of Saturn, the gravitational pull at its stellar surface is about 300 times stronger than what humans feel on Earth.

    These very small and dim stars are also the best possible candidates for detecting Earth-sized planets which can have liquid water on their
    surfaces, such as TRAPPIST-1, an ultracool dwarf surrounded by seven temperate Earth-sized worlds.

    The newly-measured star, called EBLM J0555-57Ab, is located about six hundred light years away. It is part of a binary system, and was
    identified as it passed in front of its much larger companion, a method which is usually used to detect planets, not stars. Details will
    be published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    +2
    Space Images | 'Ireson Hill' on Mount Sharp, Mars
    https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=pia21718

    Curiosity has begun its long-anticipated study of an iron-bearing ridge forming a distinctive layer on the mountain's slope.

    Since before Curiosity's landing five years ago next month, this feature has been recognized as one of four unique terrains
    on lower Mount Sharp and therefore a key mission destination. Curiosity's science team informally named it "Vera Rubin Ridge"
    this year, commemorating astronomer Vera Cooper Rubin (1928-2016).

    "Our Vera Rubin Ridge campaign has begun," said Curiosity Project Scientist Ashwin Vasavada of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
    Pasadena, California. "Curiosity is driving parallel to the ridge, below it, observing it from different angles as we work our
    way toward a safe route to the top of the ridge."

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    +3
    Syfy - Bad Astronomy | The farthest star
    http://www.syfy.com/syfywire/the-farthest-star

    Due to a quirk of cosmic geometry, astronomers have detected the light
    from the farthest individual star ever seen. How far away is it?

    Over nine billion light-years away. A single star, from that distance.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    +3
    Tak kryotestování začíná!

    https://www.nasa.gov/...e/goddard/2017/nasa-closes-chamber-a-door-to-commence-webb-telescope-testing
    The vault-like, 40-foot diameter, 40-ton door of NASA's Johnson Space Center’s historic Chamber A sealed shut on July 10,
    2017, signaling the beginning of about 100 days of cryogenic testing for NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope in Houston.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    +3
    https://www.nasa.gov/...ture/jpl/nasas-juno-spacecraft-completes-flyby-over-jupiter-s-great-red-spot

    NASA's Juno mission completed a close flyby of Jupiter and its Great Red Spot on July 10, during its sixth science orbit.

    All of Juno's science instruments and the spacecraft's JunoCam were operating during the flyby, collecting data that are now being returned to
    Earth. Juno's next close flyby of Jupiter will occur on Sept. 1. Raw images from the spacecraft’s latest flyby will be posted in coming days.

    "For generations people from all over the world and all walks of life have marveled over the Great Red Spot," said Scott Bolton, principal
    investigator of Juno from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. "Now we are finally going to see what this storm looks like up close
    and personal."

    The Great Red Spot is a 10,000-mile-wide (16,000-kilometer-wide) storm that has been monitored since 1830 and has possibly existed for more
    than 350 years. In modern times, the Great Red Spot has appeared to be shrinking.

    Juno reached perijove (the point at which an orbit comes closest to Jupiter's center) on July 10 at 6:55 p.m. PDT (9:55 p.m. EDT). At the time
    of perijove, Juno was about 2,200 miles (3,500 kilometers) above the planet's cloud tops. Eleven minutes and 33 seconds later, Juno had covered
    another 24,713 miles (39,771 kilometers), and was passing directly above the coiling crimson cloud tops of the Great Red Spot. The spacecraft
    passed about 5,600 miles (9,000 kilometers) above the clouds of this iconic feature.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    5 years after the Higgs boson, the Large Hadron Collider is just getting started | TechCrunch
    https://techcrunch.com/...s-after-the-higgs-boson-the-large-hadron-collider-is-just-getting-started/

    It’s been five years since physicists at CERN reported (in the understated manner typical of scientists)
    that they had observed a particle “consistent with the long-sought Higgs boson.”

    LHC experiments delve deeper into precision | CERN
    http://home.cern/about/updates/2017/07/lhc-experiments-delve-deeper-precision

    The world’s particle physics community is meeting this week in Venice (Italy) for the EPS International Conference
    on High Energy Physics. Dozens of new results from the full existing datasets of the Large Hadron Collider experiments
    are being presented for the first time.
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    +1
    Big Bang Confirmed Again, This Time By The Universe's First Atoms
    https://www.forbes.com/...-bang-confirmed-again-this-time-by-the-universes-first-atoms/#673e0e79c22b

    The Big Bang is the leading theory as to where our Universe came from. The Universe was hotter, denser, more uniform, and smaller in the past,
    and is only as vast as it is today due to the fabric of expanding space. This idea was extremely controversial for many decades, until detailed
    observations of the leftover glow from that hot, early fireball was discovered and measured, in extraordinary agreement with the Big Bang's
    predictions. But there's another prediction the theory made: that in the Universe's first few minutes, precise amounts of hydrogen, deuterium,
    helium, and lithium would be created. Those predicted ratios are fixed by physics and non-negotiable, but difficult to measure. Thanks to new
    observations, both the helium and deuterium ratios are now measured, confirming the Big Bang once again.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Hidden Stars May Make Planets Appear Smaller
    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/hidden-stars-may-make-planets-appear-smaller

    In the search for planets similar to our own, an important point of comparison is the planet's density. A low density tells scientists
    a planet is more likely to be gaseous like Jupiter, and a high density is associated with rocky planets like Earth. But a new study
    suggests some are less dense than previously thought because of a second, hidden star in their systems.

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