When water met iron deep inside the Earth, it might have created conditions for life - Astrobiology Magazine
https://www.astrobio.net/...-in-news/water-met-iron-deep-inside-earth-might-created-conditions-life/

Reservoirs of oxygen-rich iron between the Earth’s core and mantle could have played a major role in Earth’s history,
including the breakup of supercontinents, drastic changes in Earth’s atmospheric makeup, and the creation of life,
according to recent work from an international research team published in National Science Review.

The team—which includes scientists from Carnegie, Stanford University, the Center for High Pressure Science and Technology
Advanced Research in China, and the University of Chicago—probed the chemistry of iron and water under the extreme
temperatures and pressures of the Earth’s core-mantle boundary.

Supercomputer Simulates Dynamic Magnetic Fields of Jupiter, Earth, Sun - Egghead
http://blogs.ucdavis.edu/...11/09/supercomputer-simulates-dynamic-magnetic-fields-jupiter-earth-sun/

As the Juno space probe approached Jupiter in June last year, researchers with the Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics’
Dynamo Working Group were starting to run simulations of the giant planet’s magnetic field on one of the world’s fastest computers.
While the timing was coincidental, the supercomputer modeling should help scientists interpret the data from Juno, and vice versa.

Jupiter’s magnetic fields
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-oqZnjg5JdY


Earth’s magnetic fields
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vUbbRvTf218

Astronomers discover new type of cosmic explosion | University of Southampton
https://www.southampton.ac.uk/news/2017/11/galactic-explosion.page

An international team of astronomers, including a University of Southampton expert, has discovered a new type of explosion in a distant galaxy.
The explosion, called PS1-10adi, seems to prefer active galaxies that house supermassive black holes consuming the gas and material around them.

Using telescopes on La Palma and Hawaii, the team detected an explosion that was so energetic it must have originated from one of two sources:
an extremely massive star – up to several hundred times more massive than our Sun – exploding as a supernova, or from a lower mass star that
has been shredded by the ultra-strong gravitational forces close to the supermassive black hole.

With launch of new night sky survey, UW researchers ready for era of ‘big data’ astronomy | UW News
http://www.washington.edu/...ew-night-sky-survey-uw-researchers-ready-for-era-of-big-data-astronomy/

The first astronomers had a limited toolkit: their eyes. They could only observe those stars, planets and celestial events bright enough to pick up unassisted.
But today’s astronomers use increasingly sensitive and sophisticated instruments to view and track a bevy of cosmic wonders, including objects and events that
were too dim or distant for their sky-gazing forebears.

On Nov. 14, scientists with the California Institute of Technology, the University of Washington and eight additional partner institutions, announced that
the Zwicky Transient Facility, the latest sensitive tool for astrophysical observations in the Northern Hemisphere, has seen “first light” and took its first
detailed image of the night sky.

When fully operational in 2018, the ZTF will scan almost the entire northern sky every night. Based at the Palomar Observatory in southern California and
operated by Caltech, the ZTF’s goal is to use these nightly images to identify “transient” objects that vary between observations — identifying events
ranging from supernovae millions of light years away to near-Earth asteroids.

Zwicky Transient Facility sees 'first light'
https://phys.org/news/2017-11-zwicky-transient-facility.html

https://www.space.com/38782-possibly-earth-like-alien-planet-ross-128b.html

A newfound exoplanet may be one of the best bets to host alien life ever discovered — and it's right in Earth's backyard, cosmically speaking.

Astronomers have spotted a roughly Earth-mass world circling the small, dim star Ross 128, which lies just 11 light-years from the sun.
The planet, known as Ross 128b, may have surface temperatures amenable to life as we know it, the researchers announced in a new study that
will appear in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.

Ross 128b is 2.6 times more distant from Earth than Proxima b, the potentially habitable planet found in the nearest solar system to the sun.
But Proxima b's parent star, Proxima Centauri, blasts out a lot of powerful flares, potentially bathing that planet in enough radiation to
stunt the emergence and evolution of life, scientists have said.

Radiation is likely much less of an issue for Ross 128b, because its parent star is not an active flarer, said discovery team leader Xavier
Bonfils, of the Institute of Planetology and Astrophysics of Grenoble and the University of Grenoble Alpes in France.

"This is the closest Earth-mass planet potentially in the habitable zone that orbits a quiet star," Bonfils told Space.com via email, referring
to the range of orbital distances where liquid water could exist on a world's surface.

http://www.eso.org/public/usa/videos/eso1736b/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVi5D9xtmMM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cLmmy55xNVg

News | Dawn Explores Ceres' Interior Evolution
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6997

Surface features on Ceres -- the largest world between Mars and Jupiter -- and its interior evolution have a closer relationship than one might think.

A recent study, published in Geophysical Research Letters, analyzed Ceres' surface features to reveal clues about the dwarf planet's interior evolution.
Specifically, the study explored linear features -- the chains of pits and small, secondary craters common on Ceres.

The findings align with the idea that, hundreds of millions (up to a billion) years ago, materials beneath Ceres' surface pushed upward toward the exterior,
creating fractures in the crust.

https://www.nasa.gov/...ge-feature/goddard/2017/hubble-shows-light-echo-expanding-from-exploded-star

Light from a supernova explosion in the nearby starburst galaxy M82 is reverberating off a huge dust cloud in interstellar space.

The supernova, called SN 2014J, occurred at the upper right of M82, and is marked by an “X.” The supernova was discovered on Jan. 21, 2014.

Hubble Captures Supernova’s Light Echo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tzSAoW6fS6c

Set an alert: Do not miss The Farthest on PBS | Ars Technica
https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/11/set-an-alert-do-not-miss-the-farthest-on-pbs/

The Farthest (2017) documentary trailer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=3&v=znTdk_de_K8

Did Triton Destroy Neptune’s First Moons?
http://aasnova.org/2017/11/06/did-triton-destroy-neptunes-first-moons/

Neptune’s moon system is not what we would expect for a gas giant in our solar system. Scientists have now explored the possibility that
Neptune started its life with an ordinary system of moons that was later destroyed by the capture of its current giant moon, Triton.

Asteroid 2017 VE flew past Earth at 0.88 LD, a day before discovery
https://watchers.news/2017/11/07/asteroid-2017-ve/

A newly discovered asteroid designated 2017 VE flew past Earth at 0.88 LD / 0.00227 AU (~339 597 km / 211 009 miles) on November 4,
2017, one day before it was discovered. This is the 46th known asteroid to flyby Earth within 1 lunar distance since the start of the year.

Asteroid 2017 VE was first observed at ATLAS-MLO, Mauna Loa at 10:17 UTC on November 5, 2017. This object made its closest approach to
the Sun on September 9, 2017, and flew past Earth at 05:13 UTC on November 4 at a speed (relative to the Earth) of 14.08 km/s.

It belongs to the Apollo group of asteroids and has an estimated diameter between 12 and 28 m (39 - 92 feet).

The next flyby of this asteroid is expected on November 21, 2021, at a distance of 0.37 AU / 144 LD. However, it won't come nearly as close
as it did on November 4th until November 4 (+/- 2 days), 2090 when it is expected to flyby at a distance of 0.005 AU / 1.9 LD.

This is the 46th known asteroid to flyby Earth within 1 lunar distance since the start of the year and the 11th since October 2.

IAU Minor Planet Center
https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2017%20VE

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/help-nickname-new-horizons-next-flyby-target

NASA’s New Horizons mission to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt is looking for your ideas on what to informally name
its next flyby destination, a billion miles (1.6 billion kilometers) past Pluto.

Poloha NH k dnešnímu dni

Scientists Find Potential “Missing Link” in Chemistry That Led to Life on Earth
http://www.scripps.edu/news/press/2017/20171106krishnamurthy.html

Chemists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have found a compound that may have been a crucial factor in the origins of life on Earth.

Origins-of-life researchers have hypothesized that a chemical reaction called phosphorylation may have been crucial for the assembly of three
key ingredients in early life forms: short strands of nucleotides to store genetic information, short chains of amino acids (peptides) to do
the main work of cells, and lipids to form encapsulating structures such as cell walls. Yet, no one has ever found a phosphorylating agent that
was plausibly present on early Earth and could have produced these three classes of molecules side-by-side under the same realistic conditions.

TSRI chemists have now identified just such a compound: diamidophosphate (DAP).

Alma’s image of red giant star gives a surprising glimpse of the Sun’s future | Chalmers
http://www.chalmers.se/...image-of-red-giant-star-gives-a-surprising-glimpse-of-the-Suns-future.aspx

A Chalmers-led team of astronomers has for the first time observed details on the surface of an aging star with the same mass as the Sun. ALMA:s
images show that the star is a giant, its diameter twice the size of Earth’s orbit around the Sun, but also that the star’s atmosphere is affected
by powerful, unexpected shock waves. The research is published in Nature Astronomy on 30 October 2017.

​A team of astronomers led by Wouter Vlemmings, Chalmers University of Technology, have used the telescope Alma (Atacama Large Millimetre/Submm
Array) to make the sharpest observations yet of a star with the same starting mass as the Sun. The new images show for the first time details on the
surface of the red giant W Hydrae, 320 light years distant in the constellation of Hydra, the Water Snake.

W Hydrae is an example of an AGB (asymptotic giant branch) star. Such stars are cool, bright, old and lose mass via stellar winds. The name derives
from their position on the famous Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, which classifies stars according to their brightness and temperature.

18-month twinkle in a forming star suggests the existence of a very young planet - National Research Council Canada
https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/stories/2017/star_formation.html

An international team of researchers have found an infrequent variation in the brightness of a forming star. This 18-month recurring
twinkle is not only an unexpected phenomenon for scientists, but its repeated behavior suggests the presence of a hidden planet.

This discovery is an early win for the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Transient Survey, just one-and-a-half years into its three-
year mandate to monitor eight galactic stellar nurseries for variations in the brightness of forming stars. This novel study is critical
to understanding how stars and planets are assembled. The survey is led by Doug Johnstone, Research Officer at the National Research
Council of Canada and Greg Herczeg, Professor at Peking University (China), and is supported by an international team of astronomers
from Canada, China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan and the United Kingdom.

[1711.01693] English and Spanish Translation of Zwicky's (1933) The Redshift of Extragalactic Nebulae
https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.01693