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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
    VIRGO
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    Stephan's Quintet with the CFHT
    http://www.cfht.hawaii.edu/en/news/StephansQuintetLSB/

    An extremely deep multi-band optical image from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT, Hawaii. USA) casts a new light on the formation process of the famous group
    of 5 colliding galaxies. The image reveals structures undetected thus far, in particular a very extended red halo composed of old stars, and centered on an elliptical
    galaxy, NGC 7317, which had been ignored in previous studies on the dynamics of the global collision. These results are published in the Monthly notices of the Royal
    Astronomical Society by a team from the Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg (France), CEA Saclay (France) and the Lund Observatory (Sweden).

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    'Crazy things can come true': Elon Musk discusses Falcon Heavy launch: Full presser
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sytrrdOPYzA
    VIRGO
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    Neskuteční bouráci!!! To byl balet!

    WATCH LIVE: SpaceX launches the Falcon Heavy, the rocket that could go to Mars
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQx6YBtQZbw
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    https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jpl/pia21904/contrasting-crescents

    In this view, Saturn’s icy moon Rhea passes in front of Titan as seen by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft. Some of the differences between the two large moons are readily apparent. While Rhea
    is a heavily-cratered, airless world, Titan’s nitrogen-rich atmosphere is even thicker than Earth’s.

    This natural color image was taken in visible light with the Cassini narrow-angle camera on Nov. 19, 2009, at a distance of approximately 713,300 miles (1,148,000 kilometers) from Rhea.

    VIRGO
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    Oujééé...
    Planety v systému TRAPPIST-1 pravděpodobně nesou značné množství vody | ESO Česko
    http://eso.org/public/czechrepublic/news/eso1805/?lang

    První náznaky složení exoplanet o velikosti Země

    Nová studie sedmi planet obíhajících kolem mimořádně chladného červeného trpaslíka TRAPPIST-1 ukázala, že tělesa jsou většinou tvořena horninami a mohou nést dokonce větší množství vody než planeta Země.
    Hustoty jednotlivých těles v systému, které jsou nyní známy mnohem přesněji než doposud, naznačují, že některé planety mohou obsahovat až 5 % hmotnosti v podobě vody – tedy 250krát více než v oceánech na
    Zemi. Teplejší planety ležící nejblíže své mateřské hvězdy mají pravděpodobně husté atmosféry obsahující značné množství vodní páry, vzdálenější pak mohou být pokryty silným ledovým příkrovem. Čtvrtá
    planeta systému je, pokud jde o velikost, hustotu a množství záření dopadajícího na povrch, nejpodobnější Zemi. Ze všech sedmi těles obsahuje největší množství hornin a má potenciál udržet na povrchu
    vodu v kapalném stavu.

    VIRGO
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    VIRGO
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    Tak zatím přesunuto na 21:05

    Falcon Heavy Test Flight
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbSwFU6tY1c
    VIRGO
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    Biodiversity or Bust
    http://aasnova.org/2018/02/06/biodiversity-or-bust/

    Are we alone in the universe? This question still baffles astronomers (along with the rest of humanity) today, despite the confirmed discovery of thousands of exoplanets.
    Sure, there may be a plethora of other space pebbles out there, but do any of them actually host life? And if they do, could it ever compare to the variety of species we
    see on Earth, from human beings to tardigrades?

    Unfortunately, we don’t have the answers to these questions yet, but today’s authors take a step in the right direction. By creating a model to measure potential biodiversity,
    they explore which stars are most likely to host planets capable of supporting complex life. These findings may help future exoplanet habitability studies point in the right
    direction.
    VIRGO
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    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2018/nasa-tests-atomic-clock-for-deep-space-navigation

    In deep space, accurate timekeeping is vital to navigation, but not all spacecraft have precise timepieces aboard. For 20 years,
    NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, has been perfecting a clock. It’s not a wristwatch; not something
    available in a store. It’s the Deep Space Atomic Clock (DSAC), an instrument being built for deep space exploration.

    VIRGO
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    VIRGO:

    Webb Move from Houston to LA
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_ILuL9uueA
    VIRGO
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    Hubble’s View of Little Blue Dots
    http://aasnova.org/2018/02/02/hubbles-view-of-little-blue-dots/

    The recent discovery of a new type of tiny, star-forming galaxy is the latest in a zoo of detections shedding
    light on our early universe. What can we learn from the unique “little blue dots” found in archival Hubble data?



    https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2018/hubbles-majestic-spiral-in-pegasus

    This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image shows a spiral galaxy known as NGC 7331. First spotted by the prolific galaxy hunter William Herschel in 1784,
    NGC 7331 is located about 45 million light-years away in the constellation of Pegasus (the Winged Horse). Facing us partially edge-on, the galaxy showcases
    its beautiful arms, which swirl like a whirlpool around its bright central region.

    Astronomers took this image using Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3), as they were observing an extraordinary exploding star — a supernova — near the galaxy’s
    central yellow core. Named SN 2014C, it rapidly evolved from a supernova containing very little hydrogen to one that is hydrogen-rich — in just one year. This
    rarely observed metamorphosis was luminous at high energies and provides unique insight into the poorly understood final phases of massive stars.

    VIRGO
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    To je neskutečné!!

    OU Astrophysicists Discover Extragalactic Planets for First Time
    http://www.ou.edu/content/web/news_events/articles/news_2018/ou-discover-planets.html

    A University of Oklahoma astrophysics team has discovered for the first time a population of planets beyond the Milky Way galaxy.
    Using microlensing—an astronomical phenomenon and the only known method capable of discovering planets at truly great distances
    from the Earth among other detection techniques—OU researchers were able to detect objects in extragalactic galaxies that range
    from the mass of the Moon to the mass of Jupiter.

    VIRGO
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    https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/observations-from-3697-degrees-fahrenheit

    Taken from inside Chamber A at the Johnson Space Center in Houston in September 2017 while the combined optical and science instrument element of the James Webb Space Telescope
    was undergoing cryogenic testing, the temperature at the time this image was taken was approximately 50 kelvins (about -369.7 degrees Fahrenheit/-223.2 degrees Celsius). The
    camera that captured this image was placed inside the chamber to measure the telescope’s alignment, but engineers also used it to monitor the black DuPont™ Kapton® covering that
    outlines Webb’s primary mirror. Engineers used this and other images to assess the material’s slack as the telescope shrank ever so slightly in the extreme cold of the chamber.

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    Discovery of extreme ‘natural telescope’ magnification led by UH astronomer – University of Hawaiʻi System News
    http://www.hawaii.edu/news/2018/02/01/discovery-of-extreme-natural-telescope-magnification/

    Extremely distant galaxies are usually too faint to be seen, even by the largest telescopes. But nature has a solution:
    gravitational lensing, predicted by Albert Einstein and observed many times by astronomers. Now, an international team
    of astronomers, led by Harald Ebeling of the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, has discovered
    one of the most extreme instances of magnification by gravitational lensing.

    Using the Hubble Space Telescope to survey a sample of huge clusters of galaxies, the team found a distant galaxy,
    eMACSJ1341-QG-1, that is magnified 30 times thanks to the distortion of space-time created by the massive galaxy cluster
    dubbed eMACSJ1341.9-2441.

    The underlying physical effect of gravitational lensing was first confirmed during the solar eclipse of 1919, and can
    dramatically magnify images of distant celestial sources if a sufficiently massive object lies between the background
    source and observers.

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    Sailing to the Nearest Stars - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo
    http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/sailingtotheneareststars

    Space travel visionaries solve the problem of interstellar slowdown at our stellar neighbour

    Milner plans to invest 100 million US dollars in the development of an ultra-light light sail that can be accelerated to 20 percent of the speed of light
    to reach the Alpha Centauri star system within 20 years. The problem of how to slow down this projectile once it reaches its target remains a challenge.
    René Heller of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Göttingen and his colleague Michael Hippke propose to use the radiation and gravity
    of the Alpha Centauri stars to decelerate the craft. It could then even be rerouted to the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri and its potential Earth-like
    planet Proxima b.

    VIRGO
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    Akatsuki's Amazing Views of Venus - Sky & Telescope
    http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/akatsukis-amazing-views-of-venus/

    Almost everyone considered Japan's Venus-bound orbiter a lost cause, but Akatsuki survived, reached its objective, and is wowing scientists with results.

    VIRGO
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    New galaxy survey to precisely measure the expanding Universe - ANU
    http://www.anu.edu.au/news/all-news/new-galaxy-survey-to-precisely-measure-the-expanding-universe

    ANU will play a major role in the Taipan galaxy survey, which will for the first time measure the current expansion rate of the Universe with one per cent precision.

    The Taipan survey aims to resolve a nagging discrepancy between previous measurements of the current expansion rate using the 'distance ladder' method and
    measurements of the long-ago expansion rate using the radiation left over from the Big Bang.

    The new TAIPAN facility installed on the refurbished UK Schmidt Telescope, one of the ANU telescopes at Siding Spring Observatory near Coonabarabran,
    was launched on Thursday by the Hon Zed Seselja, Assistant Minister for Science, Jobs and Innovation.

    VIRGO
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    https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jpl/pia22092/the-penguin-and-the-egg

    This image of distant interacting galaxies, known collectively as Arp 142, bears an uncanny resemblance to a penguin guarding an egg. Data from NASA's
    Spitzer and Hubble space telescopes have been combined to show these dramatic galaxies in light that spans the visible and infrared parts of the spectrum.

    VIRGO
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    Emission from the Center of a Galaxy Has a Serpentine Shape
    http://www.sciencenewsline.com/news/2018013121570032.html

    In the second half of last year the blazar CTA 102, which is 7,600 million light years from Earth, brightened considerably,
    drawing the attention of all the astronomers who specialise in this kind of objects. The peak emission was detected on December 28th
    when it was 3,500 times greater than the brightness minima observed in previous years. This event was so exceptional that for a few
    days this object was the brightest blazar observed until now.

    VIRGO
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    Skvělé novinky od starého známého!
    New Universe Simulation Reveals High-Resolution Details About Cosmological Structures – Simons Foundation
    https://www.simonsfoundation.org/2018/01/31/illustristng-universe-simulation/

    An international team of astrophysicists has released IllustrisTNG, the most advanced universe model of its kind.

    Led by principal investigator Volker Springel at the Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, astrophysicists from the Max Planck Institutes for Astronomy
    (MPIA, Heidelberg) and Astrophysics (MPA, Garching), Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and the Flatiron Institute’s Center
    for Computational Astrophysics (CCA) developed and programmed the new universe simulation model, dubbed Illustris: The Next Generation, or IllustrisTNG.

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