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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    +3
    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nearly-a-decade-after-mars-phoenix-landed-another-look

    A recent view from Mars orbit of the site where NASA's Phoenix Mars mission landed on far-northern Mars nearly a decade ago shows that dust has covered some marks of the landing.

    The Phoenix lander itself, plus its back shell and parachute, are still visible in the image taken Dec. 21, 2017, by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera
    on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. But an animated-blink comparison with an image from about two months after the May 25, 2008, landing shows that patches of ground that had
    been darkened by removal of dust during landing events have become coated with dust again.

    VIRGO
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    Some black holes erase your past | Berkeley News
    http://news.berkeley.edu/2018/02/20/some-black-holes-erase-your-past/

    In the real world, your past uniquely determines your future. If a physicist knows how the universe starts out, she can calculate its future for all time and all space.

    But a UC Berkeley mathematician has found some types of black holes in which this law breaks down. If someone were to venture into one of these relatively benign black holes,
    they could survive, but their past would be obliterated and they could have an infinite number of possible futures.

    Falling into a realistic Reissner-Nordstrom Black Hole
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JfjqUSLDdk
    VIRGO
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    ALMA Deepens Mystery about the relation between Supermassive Black Holes and their Host Galaxies | ALMA
    http://www.almaobservatory.org/...relation-between-supermassive-black-holes-and-their-host-galaxies/

    Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to observe an active galaxy with a strong ionized gas outflow from the galactic center,
    astronomers have obtained a result making astronomers even more puzzled: an unambiguous detection of carbon monoxide (CO) gas associated with the galactic disk.
    However, they have also found that the CO gas which settles in the galaxy is not affected by the strong ionized gas outflow launched from the galactic center.

    VIRGO
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    Astronomers reveal secrets of most distant supernova ever detected | UoP News
    http://uopnews.port.ac.uk/.../20/astronomers-reveal-secrets-of-most-distant-supernova-ever-detected/

    An international team of astronomers, including Professor Bob Nichol from the University of Portsmouth, has confirmed the discovery of the most
    distant supernova ever detected – a huge cosmic explosion that took place 10.5 billion years ago, or three-quarters the age of the Universe itself.

    The exploding star, named DES16C2nm, was detected by the Dark Energy Survey (DES), an international collaboration to map several hundred million
    galaxies in order to find out more about dark energy – the mysterious force believed to be causing the accelerated expansion of the Universe.

    As detailed in a new study published in The Astrophysical Journal, light from the event has taken 10.5 billion years to reach Earth, making it
    the oldest supernova ever discovered and studied. The Universe itself is thought to be 13.8 billion years old.

    VIRGO
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    +1
    https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jpl/pia21903/final-frontier

    This view of Saturn looks toward the planet's night side, lit by sunlight reflected from the rings. A mosaic of some of the very last images captured by Cassini’s cameras,
    it shows the location where the spacecraft would enter the planet's atmosphere hours later. The oval marks the entry site. While this area was on the night side of the planet
    at the time, it would rotate into daylight by the time Cassini made its final dive into Saturn's upper atmosphere, ending its remarkable 13-year exploration of Saturn.

    Images taken using red, green and blue spectral filters were combined to show the scene in near natural color. The images were taken with Cassini’s wide-angle camera
    on Sept. 14, 2017, at a distance of approximately 394,000 miles (634,000 kilometers) from Saturn.

    Catalog Page for PIA21903
    https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA21903

    VIRGO
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    https://www.nasa.gov/...rd/2018/nasas-james-webb-space-telescope-to-reveal-secrets-of-the-red-planet

    The planet Mars has fascinated scientists for over a century. Today, it is a frigid desert world with a carbon dioxide atmosphere 100 times thinner than Earth’s.
    But evidence suggests that in the early history of our solar system, Mars had an ocean’s worth of water. NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope will study Mars to learn
    more about the planet’s transition from wet to dry, and what that means about its past and present habitability.

    NASA | Measuring Mars' Ancient Ocean
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WH8kHncLZwM
    VIRGO
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    Ve svitu Venuše | ESO Česko
    https://www.eso.org/public/czechrepublic/images/potw1808a/?lang

    Obrázek, který pořídil fotovyslanec ESO Petr Horálek, ukazuje planetu Venuši jasně zářící nad observatoří ESO Paranal v Chile. Zobrazený dalekohled je
    pomocný dalekohled VLT (AT1), který už je otevřený a během soumraku se připravuje na pozorování nočního nebe. To se zatím halí do odstínů modré a oranžové.

    VIRGO
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    http://www.news.gatech.edu/...8/02/17/asteroid-time-capsules-may-help-explain-how-life-started-earth

    In popular culture, asteroids play the role of apocalyptic threat, get blamed for wiping out the dinosaurs – and offer an extraterrestrial source for mineral mining.

    But for researcher Nicholas Hud, asteroids play an entirely different role: that of time capsules showing what molecules originally existed in our solar system.
    Having that information gives scientists the starting point they need to reconstruct the complex pathway that got life started on Earth.

    Director of the NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Hud says finding molecules in asteroids provides the strongest evidence
    that such compounds were present on the Earth before life formed. Knowing what molecules were present helps establish the initial conditions that led to the formation
    of amino acids and related compounds that, in turn, came together to form peptides, small protein-like molecules that may have kicked off life on this planet.

    VIRGO
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    +3
    Poznamenejte si do kalendáře:

    Elon Musk’s Tesla will have a close encounter with Earth in 2091 – Spaceflight Now
    https://spaceflightnow.com/...02/14/elon-musks-tesla-will-have-a-close-encounter-with-earth-in-2091/

    Even though it doesn’t obey any earthly speed limit and has a space-suited mannequin for a driver, Elon Musk’s Tesla Roadster won’t drive up his insurance rates anytime soon.
    Researchers say the sports car won’t have a really close encounter with Earth until 2091 and could last millions of years before getting totaled in a planetary crackup.

    But constant exposure to space radiation, micrometeoroid impacts and extreme temperatures will take their toll and the Roadster’s resale value likely will take a beating.
    But that’s another story.

    VIRGO
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    Hurá!!

    https://www.nasa.gov/...siting-exoplanet-survey-satellite-arrives-at-kennedy-space-center-for-launch

    NASA’s next planet-hunting mission has arrived in Florida to begin preparations for launch. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
    (TESS) is scheduled to launch on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station nearby NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in
    Florida no earlier than April 16, pending range approval. TESS was delivered Feb. 12 aboard a truck from Orbital ATK in Dulles, Virginia,
    where it spent 2017 being assembled and tested. Over the next month, the spacecraft will be prepped for launch at Kennedy’s Payload
    Hazardous Servicing Facility (PHSF).

    VIRGO
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    3D NASA animation shows an old theory from Leiden - Leiden University
    https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/news/2018/02/3d-nasa-animation-shows-old-theory-from-leiden

    When professor Frank Israel graduated at Leiden Observatory some forty years ago, little did he know that one
    of his theories would be making headlines in 2018 - in the form of a 3D animation on the Internet, no less.

    He found that the vast majority of gaseous nebulae in the Milky Way came into being by the formation of extremely luminous stars on the outher surface of these large,
    dark clouds. After their formation, these stars ionise their environment, which up until that point had been neutral. The ionisation front digs into the cloud as it grows,
    causing a pressure differential with the thin, rarefied gas outside the cloud. The ionised gas rushes outward, moving far faster than the stars that illuminate it.

    Flight Through the Orion Nebula in Visible and Infrared Light [Ultra HD]
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07dve0EnUX8
    VIRGO
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    Supermassive black hole simulation predicts characteristic light signals at cusp of collision - RIT News
    http://www.rit.edu/news/story.php?id=65829

    A new simulation of supermassive black holes—the behemoths at the centers of galaxies—uses a realistic scenario to predict
    the light signals emitted in the surrounding gas before the masses collide, said Rochester Institute of Technology researchers.

    RIT density contours
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKuMPuW-Pc4


    The RIT-led study represents the first step toward predicting the approaching merger of supermassive black holes using the two channels
    of information now available to scientists—the electromagnetic and the gravitational wave spectra—known as multimessenger astrophysics.
    The findings appear in the paper “Quasi-periodic Behavior of Mini-disks in Binary Black Holes Approaching Merger,” published in
    the Astrophysical Journal Letters.

    VIRGO
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    +2
    https://www.icrar.org/cosmic-collision/

    Astronomers have discovered that our nearest big neighbour, the Andromeda galaxy, is roughly the same size as the Milky Way.

    It had been thought that Andromeda was two to three times the size of the Milky Way, and that our own galaxy would ultimately
    be engulfed by our bigger neighbour. But the latest research, published today, evens the score between the two galaxies.

    VIRGO
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    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2018/hubble-sees-neptunes-mysterious-shrinking-storm

    Three billion miles away on the farthest known major planet in our solar system, an ominous, dark storm – once big enough to stretch across
    the Atlantic Ocean from Boston to Portugal – is shrinking out of existence as seen in pictures of Neptune taken by NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope.

    Hubble Watches Neptune’s Dark Storm Die
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKHtx5y6C4M
    VIRGO
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    University of Leeds | News > Science > New models give insight into the heart of the Rosette Nebula
    http://www.leeds.ac.uk/.../article/4183/new_models_give_insight_into_the_heart_of_the_rosette_nebula

    New research, led by the University of Leeds, offers an explanation for the discrepancy between the size and age of the Rosetta Nebula’s central cavity and that of its central stars.

    The Rosette Nebula in the Milky Way Galaxy, roughly 5,000 light-years from Earth, is known for its rose-like shape and distinctive hole at its centre. The nebula is an interstellar cloud
    of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionised gases with several massive stars found in a cluster at its heart. Stellar winds and ionising radiation from these massive stars affect the shape
    of the giant molecular cloud. But the size and age of the cavity observed in the centre of Rosette Nebula is too small when compared to the age of its central stars — something that has
    puzzled astronomers for decades.

    VIRGO
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    +4
    ESOcast 152 Light: ESO’s VLT Working as Single Huge Telescope for First Time (4K UHD)
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgzzqFXenJ4


    Dalekohledy VLT mohou pracovat jako jeden teleskop o průměru 16 metrů | ESO Česko
    http://www.eso.org/public/czechrepublic/news/eso1806/?lang

    Přístroj ESPRESSO poprvé zachytil světlo ze všech čtyř hlavních teleskopů systému VLT pracujících na observatoři ESO/Paranal v Chile. Kombinace světla
    získaného současně čtveřicí dalekohledů s primárními zrcadly o průměru 8,2 m učinila z VLT optický teleskop s největší sběrnou plochou na světě.

    VIRGO
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    An X-ray Camera that can Resolve Tens of Thousands of X-ray Colors | Science Mission Directorate
    https://science.nasa.gov/...chnology-stories/x-ray-camera-resolves-tens-of-thousands-of-x-ray-colors

    NASA is part of an international team developing a cutting edge microcalorimeter X-ray camera that will provide extraordinarily detailed information
    about energetic cosmic phenomena. An X-ray microcalorimeter is a non-dispersive spectrometer that uses an equilibrium approach to energy measurement—
    the energy of an X-ray photon heats an isolated thermal mass, and the temperature change is measured. With each improvement, new mission concepts
    are developed that require even larger arrays.

    VIRGO
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    Are We Really Missing Small Galaxies?
    http://aasnova.org/2018/02/12/are-we-really-missing-small-galaxies/

    One long-standing astrophysical puzzle is that of so-called “missing” dwarf galaxies: the number of small dwarf galaxies that we
    observe is far fewer than that predicted by theory. New simulations, however, suggest that perhaps there’s no mystery after all.

    VIRGO
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    +1
    Dark Energy: A New Assignment for a 45-Year-Old Telescope
    http://newscenter.lbl.gov/...g-the-dark-energy-mystery-a-new-assignment-for-a-45-year-old-telescope/

    Berkeley Lab scientists prepare for the installation of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument in Arizona

    The Life of a Lens: Chronicling the Creation of a Single Lens for DESI
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u1CMwRUDrI


    Forty-five years ago this month, a telescope tucked inside a 14-story, 500-ton dome atop a mile-high peak in Arizona took in the night sky for the first time and recorded
    its observations in glass photographic plates. Today, the dome closes on the previous science chapters of the 4-meter Nicholas U. Mayall Telescope so that it can prepare for its
    new role in creating the largest 3-D map of the universe. This map could help to solve the mystery of dark energy, which is driving the accelerating expansion of the universe.

    The temporary closure sets in motion the largest overhaul in the telescope’s history and sets the stage for the installation of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI),
    which will begin a five-year observing run next year at the National Science Foundation’s Kitt Peak National Observatory – part of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory.

    VIRGO
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    +1
    R.I.P.
    Joseph Polchinski, 63, Leading Theorist on Multiple Universes, Dies - The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/...ies/joseph-polchinski-63-leading-theorist-on-multiple-universes-dies.html

    Joseph Polchinski, one of the most creative physicists of his generation, whose work helped lay the mathematical foundation for the controversial proposition that
    our universe is only one in an almost endless assemblage that cosmologists call the “multiverse,” died on Friday at his home in Santa Barbara, Calif. He was 63.

    His death was announced by the University of California, Santa Barbara, where he was a longtime professor and a permanent member of the Kavli Institute for
    Theoretical Physics. He had been treated for brain cancer since late 2015.

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