TUHO: Zalozeno na tomto clanku

Policymakers, scholars, and practitioners have all called attention to the issue of misinformation in the climate change debate. But what is climate change misinformation, who is involved, how does it spread, why does it matter, and what can be done about it? Climate change misinformation is closely linked to climate change skepticism, denial, and contrarianism. A network of actors are involved in financing, producing, and amplifying misinformation. Once in the public domain, characteristics of online social networks, such as homophily, polarization, and echo chambers—characteristics also found in climate change debate—provide fertile ground for misinformation to spread. Underlying belief systems and social norms, as well as psychological heuristics such as confirmation bias, are further factors which contribute to the spread of misinformation. A variety of ways to understand and address misinformation, from a diversity of disciplines, are discussed. These include educational, technological, regulatory, and psychological‐based approaches. No single approach addresses all concerns about misinformation, and all have limitations, necessitating an interdisciplinary approach to tackle this multifaceted issue. Key research gaps include understanding the diffusion of climate change misinformation on social media, and examining whether misinformation extends to climate alarmism, as well as climate denial. This article explores the concepts of misinformation and disinformation and defines disinformation to be a subset of misinformation. A diversity of disciplinary and interdisciplinary literature is reviewed to fully interrogate the concept of misinformation—and within this, disinformation—particularly as it pertains to climate change.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/wcc.665

Super clanek na Carbon Brief o sireni dezinforamci o klimatu v online prostredi...

Our review of the scientific literature suggests there are several different groups of actors involved in funding, creating and spreading climate misinformation.



...
Another factor which can contribute to polarisation is the way online social networks promote content based on being engaging and aligned with your previous viewed material rather than on trustworthiness. This is known as “algorithmic bias” and amplifies the psychological finding that people tend to prefer to consume information that matches their belief systems – known as “confirmation bias”. Social media platforms are also susceptible to the existence of malicious accounts which may produce and manipulate misleading content.

As the graphic below shows, all these human (purple section) and platform (green) factors come together in a melting pot on social media to potentially increase the susceptibility of social media users to spread, consume and accept misinformation.




Guest post: How climate change misinformation spreads online
https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-how-climate-change-misinformation-spreads-online

ehm .]

Dark Basin is a hack-for-hire group that has targeted thousands of individuals and hundreds of institutions on six continents. Targets include advocacy groups and journalists, elected and senior government officials, hedge funds, and multiple industries.
Dark Basin extensively targeted American nonprofits, including organisations working on a campaign called #ExxonKnew, which asserted that ExxonMobil hid information about climate change for decades.
We also identify Dark Basin as the group behind the phishing of organizations working on net neutrality advocacy, previously reported by the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
We link Dark Basin with high confidence to an Indian company, BellTroX InfoTech Services, and related entities.
Citizen Lab has notified hundreds of targeted individuals and institutions and, where possible, provided them with assistance in tracking and identifying the campaign. At the request of several targets, Citizen Lab shared information about their targeting with the US Department of Justice (DOJ). We are in the process of notifying additional targets.

Dark Basin: Uncovering a Massive Hack-For-Hire Operation - The Citizen Lab
https://citizenlab.ca/2020/06/dark-basin-uncovering-a-massive-hack-for-hire-operation/

Details of the hacking campaign were made public on Tuesday in a report by Citizen Lab, a cybersecurity watchdog group at the University of Toronto. The report said that thousands of people on six continents had been targeted by phishing emails for at least four years in the same operation.

Citizen Lab has provided its information to federal prosecutors in Manhattan to assist them in their criminal investigation. A spokesman for the United States Attorney’s Office in Manhattan declined to comment.

TUHO: Federal prosecutors in Manhattan are investigating a global hacker-for-hire operation that sent phishing emails to environmental groups, journalists and others.

INVENTURA MARKÉTY ŠICHTAŘOVÉ Motivy Evropské komise prosadit stůj co stůj Zelený úděl jsou myšlenkově srovnatelné s myšlenkami bolševiků, kteří protlačili v Rusku bolševickou revoluci. Evropská komise ve jménu ideologie volající po změně klimatu, které je lidskou činností nezměnitelné, položí evropskou ekonomiku, pokud se tahle šílenost včas nezastaví. Budou padat automobilky, budou padat energetické firmy, lidé zchudnou. Tahle ideologie je stejně zrůdná jako ta bolševická a Markéta Šichtařová hluboce doufá, že se ji ještě podaří zastavit minimálně pro středoevropský prostor.

https://www.parlamentnilisty.cz/...po-zmene-klimatu-toto-prijde-Temna-vize-Markety-Sichtarove-626426

Okrajove k tematu - sociologie organizaci zamerujici se na think tanky v americe

Over the past half-century, think tanks have become fixtures of American politics, supplying advice to presidents and policy makers, expert testimony on Capitol Hill, and convenient facts and figures to journalists and media specialists. But what are think tanks? Who funds them? What kind of “research” do they produce? Where does their authority come from? And how influential have they become?

In Think Tanks in America, Thomas Medvetz argues that the unsettling ambiguity of the think tank is less an accidental feature of its existence than the very key to its impact. By combining elements of more established sources of public knowledge―universities, government agencies, businesses, and the media―think tanks exert a tremendous amount of influence on the way citizens and lawmakers perceive the world, unbound by the more clearly defined roles of those other institutions. In the process, they transform the government of this country, the press, and the political role of intellectuals. Timely, succinct, and instructive, this provocative book will force us to rethink our understanding of the drivers of political debate in the United States.

https://www.amazon.com/Think-Tanks-America-Thomas-Medvetz/dp/022614366X

Climate Change Denial and Public Relations
Strategic communication and interest groups in climate inaction

This is the first book on climate change denial and lobbying that combines the ideology of denial and the role of anthropocentrism in the study of interest groups and communication strategy.

Climate Change Denial and Public Relations: Strategic Communication and Interest Groups in Climate Inaction is a critical approach to climate change denial from a strategic communication perspective. The book aims to provide an in-depth analysis of how strategic communication by interest groups is contributing to climate change inaction. It does this from a multidisciplinary perspective that expands the usual approach of climate change denialism and introduces a critical reflection on the roots of the problem, including the ethics of the denialist ideology and the rhetoric and role of climate change advocacy. Topics addressed include the power of persuasive narratives and discourses constructed to support climate inaction by lobbies and think tanks, the dominant human supremacist view and the patriarchal roots of denialists and advocates of climate change alike, the knowledge coalitions of the climate think tank networks, the denial strategies related to climate change of the nuclear, oil, and agrifood lobbies, the role of public relations firms, the anthropocentric roots of public relations, taboo topics such as human overpopulation and meat-eating, and the technological myth.

This unique volume is recommended reading for students and scholars of communication and public relations.

Climate Change Denial and Public Relations: Strategic communication an
https://www.routledge.com/...elations-Strategic-communication-and/Almiron-Xifra/p/book/9780815358831

Na youtube v diskuzi Jakub Zamouril pekne shrnul nektere omyly Petra Pokorneho

Petr Pokorný - Současná klimatická změna v perspektivě posledních staletí... (Pátečníci 25.10.2019)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hd67EMWFKek&t=4080s


Jakub Zamouřil
před 2 měsíci (upraveno)
Přehled faktických chyb a míst, kde si pan Pokorný protiřečí:

Asi nejvíc do očí bijící je, jak pan Pokorný v čase 30:12 mluví o tom, jak jsou proxy data nepřesná, že ukazují teplotu jenom v tom jednom místě, jenom v okamžiku, kdy ten sníh napadl, a že se to ještě může ovlivňovat dalších 20 let atd., a pak v čase 43:15 najednou začne suverénně vykládat, jak vypadalo globální klima za posledních 10 000 let na základě dat z jednoho jediného vrtu z Grónska. Dokonce pak na základě toho jednoho měření řekne, že současné oteplování není bezprecedentní, a "za to může dát jed". Nikomu nevadí, že si zvládne takhle naprosto protiřečit? Mimochodem, ta data co ukazuje, jsou ze studie Dansgaard z roku 1969 a nikoliv z roku 2009 jak pan Pokorný tvrdí. To, na co ukazuje ukazovátkem v čase 44:20 a říká, že žádné významné oteplování se neděje, je stav v roce 1966 (chybí tam veškeré oteplení od té doby).

Bondovy cykly, o kterých mluví od 48:30, už jsou v současnosti dávno vyvráceny – ve skutečnosti jde jenom o statistickou náhodu. Taky se dá snadno dohledat.

1:02:15 proč by se nemohly teploty naměřená teploměry přidat za teploty naměřené proxy daty? Oboje ukazují to samé – globální průměrnou teplotu. Chce pan Pokorný říct, že se neoteplilo o jeden stupeň za posledních 100 let? Pokud mu vadí spojení těch dvou grafů, ať se na ně podívá odděleně. V čase 1:32:55 dokonce pak v reakci na diváckou otázku přizná, že to spojování grafů je normální a v pořádku, a že to dokonce dělá ve svých studiích. Další příklad toho, jak říká věci, kterým sám nevěří.

Ten graf "solární aktivity" který ukazuje od 1:08:00 je úplný nesmysl, sluneční aktivita posledních 50 let vytrvale klesá a teď jsme v největším slunečním minimu od 17. století. Tohle je už přímo otevřená lež a manipulace.

Možná by bylo lepší kdyby se držel přednášení o botanice a změnu klimatu by přenechal odborníkům, kteří se jejímu zkoumání věnují profesionálně. Doporučuji například tuto přednášku dvou klimatologů z Karlovy univerzity:
Michal Žák, Peter Huszár - Výzkum a modelování změn zemského klimatu (MFF-PMF 7.11.2019)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5U6gTef3Xc

Nebo tuto přednášku Jana Frouze z Centra pro otázky životního prostředí:
Prof. Ing. Mgr. Jan Frouz | Zpráva o stavu planety IV: Globální změna?! · SlidesLive
https://slideslive.com/38924083/zprava-o-stavu-planety-iv-globalni-zmena

YouTube’s tremendous reach - and control over the content on its site - is unprecedented in media history. People around the globe spend2 a billion hours on YouTube every day, and the platform has two billion monthly active users, 3 which is more than all the households with TVs4 in the entire world. Even more significant when it comes to audience influence, YouTube is able to reach more 18-34 year olds than any cable network in the United States. 5 Today, YouTube is the preferred platform for teenagers, according to a recent study6 conducted by the Pew Research Center in the US, with 85% of teenagers (ages 13–17) saying they use the platform.

Avaaz - Why is YouTube Broadcasting Climate Misinformation to Millions?
https://secure.avaaz.org/campaign/en/youtube_climate_misinformation/

The social media conversation over the climate crisis is being reshaped by an army of automated Twitter bots, with a new analysis finding that a quarter of all tweets about climate on an average day are produced by bots, the Guardian can reveal.
The stunning levels of Twitter bot activity on topics related to global heating and the climate crisis is distorting the online discourse to include far more climate science denialism than it would otherwise.

Revealed: quarter of all tweets about climate crisis produced by bots | Technology | The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/feb/21/climate-tweets-twitter-bots-analysis

Starsi, ale jeste tu asi nebylo... O twitter botech, ktere kontaminuji debatu o klimatickych zmenach

'Trollbots' Swarm Twitter with Attacks on Climate Science Ahead of UN Summit
A new tool is tracking automated and otherwise questionable social media accounts as they sow disinformation, discord and division. Climate change is a target.

'Trollbots' Swarm Twitter with Attacks on Climate Science Ahead of UN Summit | InsideClimate News
https://insideclimatenews.org/...-change-attacks-disinformation-campaign-mann-mckenna-greta-targeted

TUHO: kdybych tu nezil tak me to taky fascinuje

TADEAS: Ja musim rict, ze me fascinuje ta mira debility, se kterou tyhle skupiny jsou schopny verejne operovat, aniz by je to nejak diskreditovalo :))