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Russian Starlink communications-suppression system,
Serhii Flash provides some background on this system:
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The electronic-warfare system is called “Volna Kupol Garant.” It is produced by the company Russian Kupol LLC from Simferopol.
The operating principle of the EW system is simple. A system of satellite antennas is installed on the ground, “looking” up at a passing satellite. The system emits powerful interference from the ground toward the satellite, so that the satellite cannot hear signals from ordinary terminals.
Technically, a Starlink satellite receives signals from terminals in the 14–14.5 GHz range. This range is divided into 8 channels, each 62.5 MHz wide. The Russians, roughly speaking, took eight satellite “dishes,” pointed them at the satellite, and each dish transmits interference on its own channel. That is all. The satellite is “deafened.”
One EW system provides protection over roughly 20 square kilometers.
The Volna Kupol Garant EW system is mounted on trailers. Each trailer carries two antennas, and the whole system consists of six trailers in total. The antenna system can be removed from the trailers and placed on a single platform, or mounted directly on the ground. Each antenna visually resembles an egg, but inside the “egg” there is a satellite dish with a rotation mechanism.
Like any EW system, Volna Kupol Garant consumes a lot of electricity. The system can operate either from generators on each trailer or from an external power-supply line.