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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    How to hunt for a black hole with a telescope the size of Earth : Nature News & Comment
    http://www.nature.com/news/how-to-hunt-for-a-black-hole-with-a-telescope-the-size-of-earth-1.21693
    Astronomers hope to grab the first images of an event horizon — the point of no return.

    VIRGO
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    Very large blue fireball illuminates sky over Sweden
    https://watchers.news/2017/03/21/large-blue-meteor-fireball-over-sweden-march-20-2017/

    A very large blue fireball illuminated the sky over Sweden around 20:30 UTC (21:30 CET) on March 20, 2017.
    The event was so powerful that the whole sky lit up, Swedish All Sky Meteor Network astronomers said.

    bolid 2017-03-20-21-30
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qljxs-aIdgo
    VIRGO
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    Universe’s ultraviolet background could provide clues about missing galaxies - Durham University
    https://www.dur.ac.uk/news/newsitem/?itemno=30902

    Astronomers have developed a way to detect the ultraviolet (UV) background of the Universe,
    which could help explain why there are so few small galaxies in the cosmos.

    UV radiation is invisible but shows up as visible red light when it interacts with gas.

    An international team of researchers led by Durham University, UK, has now found a way to
    measure it using instruments on Earth.

    The researchers said their method can be used to measure the evolution of the UV background
    through cosmic time, mapping how and when it suppresses the formation of small galaxies.

    The study could also help produce more accurate computer simulations of the evolution of the Universe.

    Effects of UV radiation on galaxy formation
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPxUKuB5_zY
    VIRGO
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    Ice in Ceres' Shadowed Craters Linked to Tilt History
    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/ice-in-ceres-shadowed-craters-linked-to-tilt-history

    Dwarf planet Ceres may be hundreds of millions of miles from Jupiter, and even farther from Saturn, but the tremendous influence of gravity
    from these gas giants has an appreciable effect on Ceres' orientation. In a new study, researchers from NASA's Dawn mission calculate that
    the axial tilt of Ceres -- the angle at which it spins as it journeys around the sun -- varies widely over the course of about 24,500 years.
    Astronomers consider this to be a surprisingly short period of time for such dramatic deviations.

    Changes in axial tilt, or "obliquity," over the history of Ceres are related to the larger question of where frozen water can be found on Ceres'
    surface, scientists report in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. Given conditions on Ceres, ice would only be able to survive at extremely
    cold temperatures -- for example, in areas that never see the sun.

    "We found a correlation between craters that stay in shadow at maximum obliquity, and bright deposits that are likely water ice," said Anton Ermakov,
    postdoctoral researcher at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and lead author of the study. "Regions that never see sunlight
    over millions of years are more likely to have these deposits."

    VIRGO
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    Giant magnetic fields in the universe
    https://phys.org/news/2017-03-giant-magnetic-fields-universe.html

    Astronomers from Bonn and Tautenburg in Thuringia (Germany) used the 100-m radio telescope at Effelsberg
    to observe several galaxy clusters. At the edges of these large accumulations of dark matter, stellar systems
    (galaxies), hot gas, and charged particles, they found magnetic fields that are exceptionally ordered over distances
    of many million light years. This makes them the most extended magnetic fields in the universe known so far.

    VIRGO
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    To je nádhera..
    "Newton's Discovery of the Refraction of Light" (1827) by Italian artist Pelagio Palagi; Pinacoteca Tosio Martinengo, Brescia Musei.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Breaks Observed in Rover Wheel Treads
    News | Breaks Observed in Rover Wheel Treads
    https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6785

    A routine check of the aluminum wheels on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover has found two small breaks on the rover's left middle wheel-the latest sign of wear and tear as the rover
    continues its journey, now approaching the 10-mile (16 kilometer) mark. The mission's first and second breaks in raised treads, called grousers, appeared in a March 19 image
    check of the wheels, documenting that these breaks occurred after the last check, on Jan. 27.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Search for extrasolar moons and rings using transit observations | SETI Institute
    http://www.seti.org/weekly-lecture/search-extrasolar-moons-and-rings-using-transit-observations

    Search for extrasolar moons and rings using transit observations - Paul Kalas (SETI Talks 2017)
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooa-07dN6Tc
    VIRGO
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    Developer Spotlight: Defending the Planet Against Asteroids with Artificial Intelligence – News Center
    https://news.developer.nvidia.com/...ding-the-planet-against-asteroids-with-artificial-intelligence/

    James Parr, co-director of the NASA Frontier Development Lab (FDL) shares how NVIDIA GPUs and deep learning can help detect,
    characterize and deflect asteroids.

    The FDL hosted 12 standout graduate students for an internship to take on the White House’s Asteroid Grand Challenge,
    an ongoing program that aims to get researchers to “find all asteroid threats to human populations and know what to do about them.”

    Developer Spotlight: Using Deep Learning to Combat Asteroids
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZsgWKsUt1M
    VIRGO
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    The Equatorial Ridges of Pan and Atlas - Terminal Accretionary Ornaments?
    http://ciclops.org/media/sp/2008/5168_11571_0.pdf

    In the outer regions of Saturn’s main rings, strong tidal forces balance gravitational accretion processes.
    Thus, unusual phenomena may be expected there. The Cassini spacecraft has recently revealed the strange “flying saucer” shape
    of two small satellites, Pan and Atlas, located in this region, showing prominent equatorial ridges. The accretion of ring
    particles onto the equatorial surfaces of already-formed bodies embedded in the rings may explain the formation of the ridges.

    This ridge formation process is in good agreement with detailed Cassini images showing differences between rough polar and smooth
    equatorial terrains. We propose that Pan and Atlas ridges are kilometers-thick “ring-particle piles” formed after the satellites
    themselves and after the flattening of the rings but before the complete depletion of ring material from their surroundings.

    VIRGO
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    Mysterious Fomalhaut b Might Not Be an Exoplanet After All – astroengine.com
    https://astroengine.com/2017/03/18/mysterious-fomalhaut-b-might-not-be-an-exoplanet-after-all/

    The famous exoplanet was the first to be directly imaged by Hubble in 2008 but many mysteries surround its identity —
    so astronomers are testing the possibility that it might actually be an exotic neutron star.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Collapsing cliff reveals comet’s interior / Rosetta / Space Science / Our Activities / ESA
    http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/Collapsing_cliff_reveals_comet_s_interior

    Rosetta scientists have made the first compelling link between an outburst of dust and gas
    and the collapse of a prominent cliff, which also exposed the pristine, icy interior of the comet.

    Sudden and short-lived outbursts were observed frequently during Rosetta’s two-year mission at Comet
    67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Although their exact trigger has been much debated, the outbursts seem to
    point back to the collapse of weak, eroded surfaces, with the sudden exposure and heating of volatile
    material likely playing a role.

    Space in Images - 2017 - 03 - Collapsing cliff
    http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2017/03/Collapsing_cliff

    VIRGO
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    Unravelling Earth’s magnetic field / Swarm / Observing the Earth / Our Activities / ESA
    http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Swarm/Unravelling_Earth_s_magnetic_field

    ESA’s Swarm satellites are seeing fine details in one of the most difficult layers of Earth’s magnetic field to unpick –
    as well as our planet’s magnetic history imprinted on Earth’s crust. Earth’s magnetic field can be thought of as a huge cocoon,
    protecting us from cosmic radiation and charged particles that bombard our planet in solar wind. Without it, life as we know
    it would not exist.

    Most of the field is generated at depths greater than 3000 km by the movement of molten iron in the outer core. The remaining
    6% is partly due to electrical currents in space surrounding Earth, and partly due to magnetised rocks in the upper lithosphere –
    the rigid outer part of Earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

    Lithospheric magnetic field
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58FZ6OCI6mk
    VIRGO
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    Near-Earth asteroid 2017 FJ very close encounter: an image (20 Mar. 2017) - The Virtual Telescope Project 2.0
    http://www.virtualtelescope.eu/...-earth-asteroid-2017-fj-very-close-encounter-an-image-20-mar-2017/

    The near-Earth asteroid 2017 FJ was discovered by the Mt. Lemmon Survey in Arizona (USA) on 17 March 2017.
    Tomorrow it will have a very close, but safe encounter with the Earth (about 800.000 km).

    VIRGO
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    Hot Jupiter KELT-16b offers unique opportunity for research
    https://phys.org/news/2017-03-hot-jupiter-kelt-16b-unique-opportunity.html

    A large international team of researchers has found that a hot Jupiter called KELT-16b is likely to offer a unique opportunity for research
    for many years to come. In their paper published in The Astronomical Journal, the team describes known characteristics of the exoplanet
    and why they believe it offers an opportunity to learn more about several aspects of exoplanet characteristics and development.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    A Visualization of the Closest Star Systems that Contain Planets in the Habitable Zone, and Their Distances from Earth [OC] : space
    https://www.reddit.com/r/space/comments/60o8ob/a_visualization_of_the_closest_star_systems_that/

    VIRGO
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    ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yf0M2ljzekk
    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    Earliest, or nearly earliest, fossils found in Quebec? – Greg Laden's Blog
    http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2017/03/15/earliest-or-nearly-earliest-fossils-found-in-quebec/

    The earliest life must have been something like a small single celled organism, like a bacterium. Or at least, the earliest life
    that we can usefully conceive of, and potentially connect with living life. It has been suggested that life could have initially
    evolved at the site of submarine hydrothermal vents, which is a place these days teeming with life. So, it make sense to look
    for fossils of these early life forms in rocks formed at hydrothermal vents, but a long time ago.

    The Nuvvuagittuq belt in Quebec is a geological formation that includes such rock.

    VIRGO
    VIRGO --- ---
    News | Mars Volcano, Earth's Dinosaurs Went Extinct About the Same Time
    https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2017-076

    New NASA research reveals that the giant Martian volcano Arsia Mons produced one new lava flow at its summit every 1 to 3 million years
    during the final peak of activity. The last volcanic activity there ceased about 50 million years ago - around the time of Earth's
    Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction, when large numbers of our planet's plant and animal species (including dinosaurs) went extinct.

    Located just south of Mars' equator, Arsia Mons is the southernmost member of a trio of broad, gently sloping shield volcanoes collectively
    known as Tharsis Montes. Arsia Mons was built up over billions of years, though the details of its lifecycle are still being worked out.
    The most recent volcanic activity is thought to have taken place in the caldera-the bowl-shaped depression at the top - where 29 volcanic
    vents have been identified. Until now, it's been difficult to make a precise estimate of when this volcanic field was active.

    VIRGO
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    The Ultimate Space Telescope Would Use the Sun as a Gravitational Lens | Daily Planet | Air & Space Magazine
    http://www.airspacemag.com/daily-planet/ultimate-space-telescope-would-use-sun-lens-180962499/

    Leon Alkalai from the Jet Propulsion Lab and his co-authors have picked up an earlier suggestion from Italian physicist Claudio Maccone to use our Sun,
    rather than a distant star, to create what might be the ultimate telescope based on the microlensing principle. Alkalai’s team has investigated the viability
    of the method in detail as a breakthrough mission concept. They also presented their findings at NASA’s recent Planetary Science Vision 2050 workshop.

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