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    VIRGOCosmos In Brief - Aktualní novinky vesmírného výzkumu v kostce
    VIRGO
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    Is Dark Energy a Galaxy Killer?
    http://nautil.us/issue/46/balance/can-dark-energy-kill-galaxies

    The surprising importance of a dark-energy selection effect.
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    Astronomers study a rare multi-eclipsing quintet of stars
    https://phys.org/news/2017-03-astronomers-rare-multi-eclipsing-quintet-stars.html

    A team of astronomers led by Krzysztof Hełminiak of the Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center in Toruń, Poland, has investigated
    an interesting bright quintuple stellar system in which each of the stars is eclipsed. The quintet, designated KIC 4150611 (also
    known as HD 181469), given its peculiar pulsations, eclipses, and high-order multiplicity, could provide important information on
    evolution and structure of multiple-star systems. The new research was published Mar. 2 in a paper on arXiv.org.

    KIC 4150611 is a quintuple star system that was initially identified as a visual binary star in 2001. However, the object's first
    position measurement dates back to 1831. The eclipses in the system were first noted in 2011 in the Kepler Eclipsing Binaries Catalog
    (KEBC). Shortly after, it was found that KIC 4150611 contains a hybrid delta Scuti (δ Sct)/gamma Doradus (γ Dor) pulsator. In 2015,
    a spectral analysis of this pulsator was performed and its atmospheric parameters were obtained, showing that it is a rapidly-rotating
    star of spectral type F1 V mA9.

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    Formation of TRAPPIST-1 and other compact systems
    https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.06924

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    http://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1063/PT.3.3504

    A very ordinary, isolated star varies by 20% in brightness on time scales from a day to a century. No one has yet proposed a convincing explanation.

    The star KIC 8462852 is reasonably advertised as the most mysterious star in our galaxy. It is by almost all measures a perfectly ordinary F2 main-sequence star,
    which is to say that it is middle-aged and stable. At a temperature of 6750 K, it’s a bit hotter than our sun, and at 1.43 solar masses, it’s a bit more massive too.
    Until 2015 the star was unnoticed in the wing of the constellation Cygnus (the Swan), though at a distance of about 1500 light-years and an optical magnitude of
    about 12, the star is visible with a small telescope. When it was noticed, it created quite a splash.

    VIRGO
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    Mars rover spots clouds shaped by gravity waves | Science | AAAS
    http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/03/mars-rover-spots-clouds-shaped-gravity-waves

    While driving across the Naukluft plateau, a gnarly terrain riven with rock shards,
    last summer, Curiosity captured these early morning clouds.

    VIRGO
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    K-Cor promises earlier space weather warnings
    https://watchers.news/2017/03/23/k-cor-promises-earlier-space-weather-warnings/

    A new research instrument located on the Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii - K-Coronagraph - showed the technique it uses to observe Sun's corona
    can be used to provide earlier warnings to astronauts when dangerous high-energy particles are blasted out of the Sun's corona. Although K-Cor,
    as ground-based instrument, has its drawbacks, NCAR team who built it proved that agencies could deploy a single space-based coronagraph and
    use the technology to provide early warnings. The additional time could help protect astronauts, satellites.

    The K-Coronagraph or K-Cor, owned and operated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), could flag dangerous high-energy particles
    blasted out of the Sun's corona nearly 20 minutes faster than coronagraphs based in space, according to a new, NASA-led study. Coronagraphs use
    a disk to block the blinding light of the Sun's face in order to create an artificial solar eclipse, enabling scientists to study the very dim
    solar atmosphere known as the corona.

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    Andromeda's Bright X-Ray Mystery Solved by NuSTAR
    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/andromedas-bright-x-ray-mystery-solved-by-nustar

    The Milky Way's closest neighbor, Andromeda, features a dominant source of high-energy X-ray emission, but its identity was mysterious until now. As
    reported in a new study, NASA's NuSTAR (Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array) mission has pinpointed an object responsible for this high-energy radiation.

    The object, called Swift J0042.6+4112, is a possible pulsar, the dense remnant of a dead star that is highly magnetized and spinning, researchers say. This
    interpretation is based on its emission in high-energy X-rays, which NuSTAR is uniquely capable of measuring. The object’s spectrum is very similar to known
    pulsars in the Milky Way. It is likely in a binary system, in which material from a stellar companion gets pulled onto the pulsar, spewing high-energy
    radiation as the material heats up. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA20970

    3-D Fly-Through of Cassiopeia A (No Audio)
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yRB0LYRhSY


    3-D Visualization of Cassiopeia A
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Gxi_NqkQyw


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    With Astronomy Rewind, Citizen Scientists Bring Zombie Astrophotos Back to Life | American Astronomical Society
    https://aas.org/media/press-releases/astronomy-rewind

    A new citizen-science project will rescue tens of thousands of potentially valuable cosmic images that are mostly dead to science
    and bring them fully back to life. Called Astronomy Rewind, the effort, which launches today (22 March 2017), will take photographs,
    radio maps, and other telescopic images that have been scanned from the pages of dusty old journals and place them in context in
    digital sky atlases and catalogs. Anyone will then be able to find them online and compare them with modern electronic data from
    ground- and space-based telescopes, making possible new studies of short- and long-term changes in the heavens.

    Astronomy Rewind results in WorldWide Telescope
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJGTgNJ_V7E
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    New Study Maps Space Dust in 3-D | Berkeley Lab
    https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2017/03/22/new-study-maps-space-dust-in-3-d/

    A new study led by Edward F. Schlafly, a Hubble Fellow in the Physics Division at the Department of Energy’s Lawrence
    Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), is providing a detailed, 3-D look at dust on a scale spanning thousands
    of light-years in our Milky Way galaxy. The study was published today in The Astrophysical Journal.

    This dust map is of critical importance for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), a Berkeley Lab-led project
    that will measure the universe’s accelerating expansion rate when it starts up in 2019. DESI will build a map of more
    than 30 million distant galaxies, but that map will be distorted if this dust is ignored.

    A Tour of the Milky Way and 3-D rendering of space dust
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjwsYh5_zpQ
    VIRGO
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    How to hunt for a black hole with a telescope the size of Earth : Nature News & Comment
    http://www.nature.com/news/how-to-hunt-for-a-black-hole-with-a-telescope-the-size-of-earth-1.21693
    Astronomers hope to grab the first images of an event horizon — the point of no return.

    VIRGO
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    Very large blue fireball illuminates sky over Sweden
    https://watchers.news/2017/03/21/large-blue-meteor-fireball-over-sweden-march-20-2017/

    A very large blue fireball illuminated the sky over Sweden around 20:30 UTC (21:30 CET) on March 20, 2017.
    The event was so powerful that the whole sky lit up, Swedish All Sky Meteor Network astronomers said.

    bolid 2017-03-20-21-30
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qljxs-aIdgo
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    Universe’s ultraviolet background could provide clues about missing galaxies - Durham University
    https://www.dur.ac.uk/news/newsitem/?itemno=30902

    Astronomers have developed a way to detect the ultraviolet (UV) background of the Universe,
    which could help explain why there are so few small galaxies in the cosmos.

    UV radiation is invisible but shows up as visible red light when it interacts with gas.

    An international team of researchers led by Durham University, UK, has now found a way to
    measure it using instruments on Earth.

    The researchers said their method can be used to measure the evolution of the UV background
    through cosmic time, mapping how and when it suppresses the formation of small galaxies.

    The study could also help produce more accurate computer simulations of the evolution of the Universe.

    Effects of UV radiation on galaxy formation
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPxUKuB5_zY
    VIRGO
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    Ice in Ceres' Shadowed Craters Linked to Tilt History
    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/ice-in-ceres-shadowed-craters-linked-to-tilt-history

    Dwarf planet Ceres may be hundreds of millions of miles from Jupiter, and even farther from Saturn, but the tremendous influence of gravity
    from these gas giants has an appreciable effect on Ceres' orientation. In a new study, researchers from NASA's Dawn mission calculate that
    the axial tilt of Ceres -- the angle at which it spins as it journeys around the sun -- varies widely over the course of about 24,500 years.
    Astronomers consider this to be a surprisingly short period of time for such dramatic deviations.

    Changes in axial tilt, or "obliquity," over the history of Ceres are related to the larger question of where frozen water can be found on Ceres'
    surface, scientists report in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. Given conditions on Ceres, ice would only be able to survive at extremely
    cold temperatures -- for example, in areas that never see the sun.

    "We found a correlation between craters that stay in shadow at maximum obliquity, and bright deposits that are likely water ice," said Anton Ermakov,
    postdoctoral researcher at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and lead author of the study. "Regions that never see sunlight
    over millions of years are more likely to have these deposits."

    VIRGO
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    Giant magnetic fields in the universe
    https://phys.org/news/2017-03-giant-magnetic-fields-universe.html

    Astronomers from Bonn and Tautenburg in Thuringia (Germany) used the 100-m radio telescope at Effelsberg
    to observe several galaxy clusters. At the edges of these large accumulations of dark matter, stellar systems
    (galaxies), hot gas, and charged particles, they found magnetic fields that are exceptionally ordered over distances
    of many million light years. This makes them the most extended magnetic fields in the universe known so far.

    VIRGO
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    To je nádhera..
    "Newton's Discovery of the Refraction of Light" (1827) by Italian artist Pelagio Palagi; Pinacoteca Tosio Martinengo, Brescia Musei.

    VIRGO
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    Breaks Observed in Rover Wheel Treads
    News | Breaks Observed in Rover Wheel Treads
    https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6785

    A routine check of the aluminum wheels on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover has found two small breaks on the rover's left middle wheel-the latest sign of wear and tear as the rover
    continues its journey, now approaching the 10-mile (16 kilometer) mark. The mission's first and second breaks in raised treads, called grousers, appeared in a March 19 image
    check of the wheels, documenting that these breaks occurred after the last check, on Jan. 27.

    VIRGO
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    Search for extrasolar moons and rings using transit observations | SETI Institute
    http://www.seti.org/weekly-lecture/search-extrasolar-moons-and-rings-using-transit-observations

    Search for extrasolar moons and rings using transit observations - Paul Kalas (SETI Talks 2017)
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooa-07dN6Tc
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    Developer Spotlight: Defending the Planet Against Asteroids with Artificial Intelligence – News Center
    https://news.developer.nvidia.com/...ding-the-planet-against-asteroids-with-artificial-intelligence/

    James Parr, co-director of the NASA Frontier Development Lab (FDL) shares how NVIDIA GPUs and deep learning can help detect,
    characterize and deflect asteroids.

    The FDL hosted 12 standout graduate students for an internship to take on the White House’s Asteroid Grand Challenge,
    an ongoing program that aims to get researchers to “find all asteroid threats to human populations and know what to do about them.”

    Developer Spotlight: Using Deep Learning to Combat Asteroids
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZsgWKsUt1M
    VIRGO
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    The Equatorial Ridges of Pan and Atlas - Terminal Accretionary Ornaments?
    http://ciclops.org/media/sp/2008/5168_11571_0.pdf

    In the outer regions of Saturn’s main rings, strong tidal forces balance gravitational accretion processes.
    Thus, unusual phenomena may be expected there. The Cassini spacecraft has recently revealed the strange “flying saucer” shape
    of two small satellites, Pan and Atlas, located in this region, showing prominent equatorial ridges. The accretion of ring
    particles onto the equatorial surfaces of already-formed bodies embedded in the rings may explain the formation of the ridges.

    This ridge formation process is in good agreement with detailed Cassini images showing differences between rough polar and smooth
    equatorial terrains. We propose that Pan and Atlas ridges are kilometers-thick “ring-particle piles” formed after the satellites
    themselves and after the flattening of the rings but before the complete depletion of ring material from their surroundings.

    VIRGO
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    Mysterious Fomalhaut b Might Not Be an Exoplanet After All – astroengine.com
    https://astroengine.com/2017/03/18/mysterious-fomalhaut-b-might-not-be-an-exoplanet-after-all/

    The famous exoplanet was the first to be directly imaged by Hubble in 2008 but many mysteries surround its identity —
    so astronomers are testing the possibility that it might actually be an exotic neutron star.

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