Sejarah Poaceae: The Fight to Create a New Paradigm of Old Growth Grasslands
https://poasession.blogspot.com/2021/10/the-fight-to-create-new-paradigm-of-old.html

It's crucial to recognise the value of Old Growth Grasslands. They're priceless! Below a wonderful description by a knowledgeable grass lover.


**What are Old Growth Grasslands?**

The term Old Growth Grasslands (OGG) is relatively new, and refers specifically to grasslands that are characterized by having:

Ancient history and heritage, as opposed to being so-called secondary grasslands that just recently arose from human degraded forest or other land. For example, the plant lineages making up the Cerrado in South America started assembling almost 10 million years ago, long before our species even evolved.

High biodiversity compared to secondary grasslands. In fact, some old growth grasslands boast the highest plant species diversity in the world.

Very slow rate of recovery when destroyed due to agriculture, plantation forestry, and other human activities. An Old Growth Grassland may take centuries and even millennia (projected 1400 years!) to recover its former species richness when it has been degraded to secondary grassland.

The term '"Old Growth" is made synonymous with words like ancient, intact, native, natural, pristine, reference, remnant, semi-natural, and undisturbed.

**What is the problem?**

There is a widespread perception among people that grasslands (including OGG) are simply degraded forests whose successional development has been arrested by disturbances such as fire and herbivory.

Policies to combat climate change and protect biodiversity have often ignored the protection of these ancient grasslands, and in many cases have actually caused their destruction via deliberate tree-planting on pristine grasslands (afforestation)....

**What is happening to Old Growth Grasslands?**

The old growth grasslands have been and are still one of the most threatened ecosystems in the world, and in fact we have lost and are losing ancient grasslands at a pace that is significantly more rapid than loss of forests.

**A few examples:**

The majority of old growth grasslands in the USA has been lost, and only isolated remnants remain. For example, up to 99% of all Tall Grass Prairies in the country is gone, and only isolated remnants remain. Other grassland types are not faring well either. In one year alone (2018-2019), the Great Plains lost 1.1 million hectares, which is an area greater than Yellowstone National Park. Half of the Brazilian Cerrado has already been cleared for agriculture expansion, and up to a million hectares is cleared each year. This is the equivalent of wiping out an area the size of New York City every month! More than half the Pampas of South America have been lost to agriculture and cattle breeding. The remaining 50 million hectares of these grasslands are still being decimated, and are home to 540 recorded wild bird species, 12 of which are globally threatened.

The recent trend of planting trees to combat climate change has also caused widespread problems, when trees (and especially weedy invasive species) are planted in pristine grasslands ("afforestation") instead of degraded areas.

**Why must we fight for Old Growth Grasslands?**

1. The old growth grasslands are the most biodiverse environments in the world at many scales. For example, *a mountain grassland in Argentina had an absolutely amazing 89 vascular plant species packed into a single square meter, a more diverse plant assemblage than one can see even in rainforests.*

Old growth grasslands are also significantly more diverse than secondary grasslands, having around 37% more species on the whole. When this diversity is degraded, it takes centuries or millennia (projected) for the OGG to reassemble as diverse a community.

2. Old growth grasslands provide a home for innumerable species of animals. The destruction of old growth grasslands affects all the animals that depend on this habitat. For example, the total population of grassland birds in North America has dropped an astonishing 40% since 1966. One-third of all grassland bird species are on the Watch List due to steeply declining populations and threats to habitat. Birds that breed in the Great Plains of Canada and the U.S. and winter in Mexico’s Chihuahuan grasslands are experiencing exceptionally steep declines, a nearly 70% loss since 1970. Other temperate grassland birds have declined by 33% in that time.

Old growth grasslands also support numerous rare and endemic species. For example, *the savannas of the South American Cerrado support 4,800 endemic plant and vertebrate species*, all of which could be threatened by the continued decimation of this biome.

3. Grasslands play an essential role in combatting climate change. The total carbon stored by grasslands and savannahs is estimated at 470 Gt, (i.e. one fifth of the total carbon contained in terrestrial vegetation and topsoils worldwide), an average of 150-200 tons of carbon per hectare. Some studies have shown that grasslands are an even more reliable carbon sink than forests, and *although grasses account for only 3% of plant species on Earth, grass-dominated landscapes contribute 33% of global primary productivity, the amount of CO2 removed from the atmosphere every year to fuel photosynthesis.*

4. Grasslands collect freshwater for most of the largest rivers of the world. For example, the Cerrado in Brazil delivers 40% of all the freshwater in that country!

5. Possible conversion to secondary grasslands.

The loss of old growth grasslands due to conversion to human agricultural use or due to misguided attempts at afforestation frequently results in the rise of secondary grasslands in their place. Such *secondary grasslands are less diverse and usually very fire prone* (which creates new dangers to human communities and forests)...."

DNF: nic je krasne!

dnes sa ma julca pytala preco sa planeta otepluje, tak som zo seba vykoktal cosi o tom, ze jazdi vela aut a topi sa plynom a uhlim a to produkuje oxid uhlicity, ale popravde ma ta otazka od nej dost zaskocila a nedokazal som ju dobre vysvetlit a to si myslim ako mam tu klimu nastudovanu

popravde sa toho rozhovoru dost bojim, lebo julca je moc citliva, tak by som to radsej este o rok-dva odlozil, dovtedy si to dostudujem, aby som to vedel vysvetlit aj malemu dietatu, tak aby to pochopilo

Premyslel jsem o tom nihilismu, a cim dal vic se mi to zda jako skvele hnuti pro dnesni dobu. Ze zacatku to zni tak cize, ale ve skutecnosti te to zbavi vsech starosti. Dostatecne silny kult s jednoduchymi hesly, typu "Vsechno je nic!" a podobne. Problematicka je cast kde se odvrhuji statky, ale nic nema smysl, je lepsi jit bydlet do .. kultovniho? .. klastera. Ostatne, vsechno je kultovni, pravda jasna, i mlady to namota. Clenove kultu se pak zabyvaji tim, ze hlasaji viru neco jako jehovove, a tak. Kdo zrovna ne, tak dela nejakou cinnost ktera ho tak nejak zabavi, klidne treba nejakou praci, kdyz chce, ale vi, ze to nema zadnej smysl, tak se tim netrapi. Cilem je nic noveho nevytvaret, nic stavajiciho nekonzumovat, nebo v nejmensi mire. Pri celosvetovem rozsireni je ekonomika za chvili v troskach. Cil naplnen, nic ovlada zemi, clenove kultu spachaji hromadnou sebevrazdu, to kulty delavaji. Kdo se na to nenamotal, dobre udelal, zije dal na puste zemi nebo v Cine. Tam kult budou samozrejme pronasledovat, takze bude mit jen tajne cleny :)

Docela bych se divil, kdyby to nejaka nova nebo i zavedena sekta/cirkev nezkusila :)

YMLADRIS: tohle jste mozna nikdo necetl, vykopiruju z toho nejaky veci. libilo by se mi mit teda nejakej nazor na ten potrebny energeticky mix CR, nevim, zda uz se to nejak vyjasnilo. Vite to nekdo?

Studii pro ně zpracovaly Institute for Sustainable Futures při Univeristy of Technology v Sydney a společnost Aurora Energy Research.

odklon od uhli 2030

konec spalování uhlí pro výrobu tepla a elektřiny do roku 2030 a ukončení spalování fosilních paliv v dopravě do roku 2050.

se modely nezaměřují na dosažení klimatické neutrality do roku 2050, neboť chybí dost dat ze sektorů zemědělství i odpadů.

Zatímco pokročilý dekarbonizační scénář ukazuje bezemisní cestu v energetice a dopravě, základní počítá s využitím zemního plynu v roce 2050 a snížením emisí na 13procentní hodnoty z roku 1990. Jako podmínky pro neutralitu do roku 2050 Polanecký shrnul rychlý rozvoj OZE - větrných elektráren, fotovoltaiky i zařízení na biomasu i posílení přeshraničních kapacit elektrických vedení a dovozu elektřiny. Poznamenal, že Česko by muselo počítat s dovozem elektřiny asi ve výši, který teď sama vyváží. Loni byl export z Česka 10,2 TWh, meziročně zhruba o pětinu nižší. Jako další důležité kroky aktivista zmínil elektrifikaci průmyslu dopravy a rozvoj akumulace elektřiny, včetně sezónní pomoci vodíkových technologií, které jsou v současnosti ve fázi výzkumu.

potřebné množství větrných elektráren v Česku se blíží technickým možnostem. Podotkl, že by šlo zhruba o 5000 zařízení,

nutnost pěstování energetické biomasy ve velkém objemu - zhruba na milionu hektaru zemědělské půdy, a to při využití postupů intenzivního zemědělství.

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celkove mi to prislo jako ze "nevi se, jak by se ten konec uhli nedej boze net zero mohl udelat"

Mann to bere tak, že doomismus je hybridní válka Oil money

COP26 climate change summit: Fossil fuel industry's 'doomist' propaganda cannot hide the reality of global warming – Professor Michael E Mann | The Scotsman
https://www.scotsman.com/news/opinion/columnists/cop26-climate-change-summit-fossil-fuel-industrys-doomist-propaganda-cannot-hide-the-reality-of-global-warming-professor-michael-e-mann-3436607

YMLADRIS:

People’s Declaration for the Sustainable Future of… | Global Assembly
https://globalassembly.org/declaration

https://twitter.com/NafeezAhmed/status/1455159986250715146?s=20

Nafeeze Ahmeda má rád myslím tuho, podporuje novou deklaraci

TADEAS: k tomuto me zaujalo ze Janek Rovensky psal, ze mu to prijde mimo, nikdo u nas nechce stavet novy plynovky, zbytecny. ja samozrejme nevim

COP-26: Stopping Climate Change and Other Illusions - Resilience
https://www.resilience.org/stories/2021-10-29/cop-26-stopping-climate-change-and-other-illusions/
William E. Rees
October 29, 2021

Do not expect significant progress from COP-26 on climate change mitigation.
...
History suggests that what should emerge from COP26 cannot emerge from COP26.
There are two fundamental barriers. First, participants in the COP meetings — government negotiators, political and scientific advisors, etc. — constitute a self-referencing cabal whose ‘solutions’ to climate change draw on the same set of beliefs, values, assumptions and facts that created the problem in the first place. In particular, they are dedicated to unconstrained economic growth propelled by continuous technological development, the beating heart and lungs of capitalism and neoliberal economics. Acceptable approaches to emissions reductions therefore include wind turbines, solar photovoltaic panels, hydrogen technologies, electric vehicles and as yet unproved carbon capture and storage technologies — i.e., any solution that involves the massive capital investment and profit-making potential necessary to sustain growth and the current socio-economic system.
...
Second, climate change is not even the real problem; ecological overshoot is (Rees, 2020). ‘Overshoot’ occurs when humanity consumes bio-resources faster than ecosystems can regenerate and waste production exceeds nature’s assimilative capacity (see GFN, 2021). In effect, the growing human enterprise is literally consuming and polluting the biophysical basis of its own existence.