A tady celkem vyzivnej 40 strankovej clanek z historie klimatologie...
Climate modelling is now a mature discipline approaching its fortieth birthday. The need for valid climate forecasts
has been underlined by the recognition that human activities are now modifying the climate. The complex nature of
the climate system has resulted in the development of a surprisingly large array of modelling tools. Some are relatively
simple, such as the earth systems and energy balance models (EBMs), while others are highly sophisticated models
which challenge the fastest speeds of the most powerful supercomputers. Indeed, this discipline of the latter half of
the twentieth century is so critically dependent on the availability of a means of undertaking powerful calculations
that its evolution has matched that of the digital computer. The multi-faceted nature of the climate system demands
high quality, and global observations and innovative parameterizations through which processes which cannot be
described or calculated explicitly are captured to the extent deemed necessary. Interestingly, results from extremely
simple, as well as highly complex and many intermediate model types are drawn upon today for effective formulation
and evaluation of climate policies. This paper discusses some of the important developments during the first 40 years
of climate modelling from the first models of the global atmosphere to today’s models, which typically consist of
integrated multi-component representations of the full climate system. The pressures of policy-relevant questions
more clearly underline the tension between the need for evaluation against quality data and the unending pressure to
improve spatial and temporal resolutions of climate models than at any time since the inception of climate modelling.
Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society.
http://www.pik-potsdam.de/~stefan/Lectures/modellierung/mcguffie+henderson-s-01.pdf