Forget carbon neutral, Northwestern takes concrete NEGATIVE
https://electrek.co/2025/03/25/forget-carbon-neutral-northwestern-develops-carbon-negative-concrete/

We have developed a new approach that allows us to use seawater to create carbon-negative construction materials. Cement, concrete, paint, and plasters are customarily composed of or derived from calcium- and magnesium-based minerals, which are often sourced from aggregates –– what we call sand. Currently, sand is sourced through mining from mountains, riverbeds, coasts and the ocean floor. In collaboration with Cemex, we have devised an alternative approach to source sand — not by digging into the Earth but by harnessing electricity and CO2 to grow sand-like materials in seawater.

Carbon-Negative Construction
https://www.anthropocenemagazine.org/2022/01/carbon-negative-construction/

Hemp’s rapid growth, dense canopy, and ability to grow in nutrient-poor soils make the plant more efficient than trees at sequestering carbon. In construction, hemp is combined with a lime-based binder to create hempcrete, a carbon-negative biocomposite that can sequester over 100 kilograms of CO2 per square meter.

“Hempcrete’s not only healthy and nontoxic, but is also resistant to fire, pests, mold, and mildew,” says Drew Oberholtzer, cofounder of Coexist Build, an architecture studio with a regenerative organic farm that doubles as a research and development lab for hemp-based building materials. The sustainable building material also boasts benefits for indoor air quality and, as its name implies, can be precast in blocks. This eliminates the time needed for curing on site and makes it easy to incorporate it into existing construction trades.

Although hempcrete can be cast like concrete, it isn’t a substitute. The lightweight material lacks the structural integrity needed for load-bearing. It can, however, be used in place of traditional drywall, insulation, and siding—where its high thermal mass offers energy-saving benefits by reducing the need for heating and cooling.

TADEAS: Tak teoreticky mohou být kdekoliv, to jak to osobně vnímají se nepromítá do veřejného vystupovaní, nebo zákonů (bavíme-li se o fosilním průmyslu, politicích, CEOs, bankéřích...), osobně si myslím, že dost z nich bude mít alespoň nějaké povědomí, vzhledem k tomu, jaký je zájem o nemovitosti na Novém Zélandu, podzemní bunkry, zemědělskou půdu,.. což může být spojeno s více než jen klimatem, ale i konflikty a dalším.

Ještě mě napadl termín "willful ignorance", nevím zda by přímo seděl na skupinu, o které se bavíme (jisté aktivity jsou opakem ignorování), ale dost lidí žije v tomto "úmyslném ignorování" reality.

Willful ignorance occurs when someone intentionally avoids information about the negative consequences of their actions. A new meta-analysis found that 40% of people will choose to remain ignorant of how their decisions affect others. The evidence suggests that willful ignorance provides people with a built-in excuse to act selfishly.

YMLADRIS: No, tak je to v tom clanku napsany.

2.3. Conflict and negative emissions technologies
Only recently has a first framework been constructed to elucidate the potential geopolitical dimensions of negative emissions technologies as a broad suite of large-scale energy production, resource usage, carbon storage, and land-use systems [58]. Direct air capture approaches rely on massive energy costs which could be coupled with either existing fossil-fuel or novel renewable infrastructures - possessing the potential to entrench or reorient the global carbon economy and its geopolitics [59,60]. Meanwhile, land-use approaches (large-scale forestry or agricultural management) by necessity entail heavy spatial and resource usage as well as pose inequities and trade-offs for the populations currently resident on or adjacent to the land [61]. Ocean based and marine carbon removal, and even the protection of coral reefs for ecosystem restoration, could also intersect with fisheries conflicts around the world [62].
This deliberately geopolitical focus on various aspects of negative emissions and carbon removal is nascent, but raises issues highlighted by antecedent conflicts in global food systems. These studies cite land-grabs and ownership conflicts, the food versus ethanol dilemma (e.g. the 2005 global food crisis), “phantom commodities”, the consequences of shifting prices in one-resource economies, and other issues and challenges confronting rural, smallholder communities – often accompanied by the particular pressures experienced by indigenous populations, or in the global South [[63], [64], [65]]. Others cite extractive industries in energy and other natural resources as relevant antecedents, raising questions of hazardous siting and carbon infrastructure lock-in [66]. As carbon removal technologies and their related approaches are looking beyond the terrestrial and into coastal and oceanic environments, some are increasingly concerned that the same logics of exploitation and conflict more familiar in the former could be repeated [67,68].

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211467X22002255

Abstract
The impacts of global climate change on international security and geopolitics could be of historic proportion, challenging those of previous global threats such as nuclear weapons proliferation, the Great Depression, and terrorism. But while the evidence surrounding the security impacts of climate change is fairly well-understood and improving, less is known about the security risks to climate-technology deployment. In this study, we focus on the geopolitical, security, and military risks facing negative emissions and solar geoengineering options. Although controversial, these options could become the future backbone of a low-carbon or net-zero society, given that they avoid the need for coordinated or global action (and can be deployed by a smaller group of actors, even non-state actors), and that they can “buy time” for mitigation and other options to be scaled up. We utilize a large and diverse expert-interview exercise (N = 125) to critically examine the security risks associated with ten negative emission options (or greenhouse gas removal technologies) and ten solar geoengineering options (or solar radiation management technologies). We ask: What geopolitical considerations does deployment give rise to? What particular military applications exist? What risks do these options entail in terms of weaponization, misuse, and miscalculation? We examine such existing and prospective security risks across a novel conceptual framework envisioning their use as (i) diplomatic or military negotiating tools, (ii) objectives for building capacity, control, or deterrence, (iii) targets in ongoing conflicts, and (iv) causes of new conflicts. This enables us to capture a far broader spectrum of security concerns than those which exist in the extant literature and to go well beyond insights derived from climate modelling or game theory by drawing on a novel, rich, and original dataset of expert perceptions.

DESMOND: no ona je ta situace jeste horsi, pac i kdyz dosahneme 'neutrality', tak planeta se stale bude oteplovat diky sklenikovym plynum uz v obehu.

Jinymi slovy, vcera bylo pozde a pokud nechceme prejit pres 2*C, tak musime zacit kolem 2030 dosahovat negative carbon balance, coz je z feasibility pohledu scifi. Ne ze by nebyly technologie, ale znamena to ohromny investice, cas na zmenu infrastruktury, plosnou zmenu mysleni/chovani lidi. Nerealny.

Plus od ledna nastoupi Trump se svoji politikou drill baby, drill s nejsilnejsi ekonomikou sveta v zadech...

(Metan rozpad cca 12 let ve svrchnich vrstvach atmosfery, co2 cca 300-1000 let)

The Atmosphere: Getting a Handle on Carbon Dioxide - NASA Science
https://science.nasa.gov/earth/climate-change/greenhouse-gases/the-atmosphere-getting-a-handle-on-carbon-dioxide/

K těm přehradám, ono to zní jako řešení, ale občas může způsobit problémy úplně jinde a nelze říct, že by jich dost nebylo.

Mě spíše jako první napadá stav zemědělství kdy máme obrovské plochy, které takřka nemají schopnost zadržet vodu a do toho v krajině nejsou prvky, které by situaci napomohli.
A samozřejmě další je to jak jsou toky samotných řek upraveny a návrat do původního stavu je nejspíše v valné většině případů nemožný kvůli existující zástavbě.

Na téma absorbce vody v zemědělství jsem našel tuto metaanalýzu:
Comparing infiltration rates in soils managed with conventional and alternative farming methods
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0215702#sec008

Overall we found that the largest infiltration rate changes were associated with practices that entail a continuous presence of roots and soil cover, suggested by the positive improvements of perennial systems compared to annual crops and cover crops compared to no cover crops, as well as the negative trend associated with the crop and livestock systems compared to crop systems only. Determining the exact processes underpinning the observed results is outside the scope of meta-analysis.

While increasing infiltration rates may mostly be considered important for reducing flooding risk, the previously discussed soil improvements can play a role in reducing the impacts of drought.

Tweet:

2020: Microsoft sets goal to be carbon negative by end of the decade.

2023: Microsoft's emissions are 30% higher than in 2020.

Main cause? The relentless push to meet AI demand, which requires carbon-intensive steel, cement, chips.

Microsoft’s AI Investment Imperils Climate Goal As Emissions Jump 30% - Bloomberg
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-15/microsoft-s-ai-investment-imperils-climate-goal-as-emissions-jump-30?srnd=undefined&sref=jjXJRDFv

PAN_SPRCHA: No hele, to je na dlouhou debatu, ja bych do ni rad sel, ale nemam tedka na to silu ani cas. Zajimalo me, jestli ses opiral o nejakej zdroj nebo o svuj dojem. Ja si dokazu predstavit dost sirokou skalu moznosti, prekvapilo me to, protoze si nevybavuju, ze bych nekde cetl takovy cisla.
Ale aspon rychle: tedka jsem se rychle jenom koukal teda na nejakej prvni report od McKinsey... Oni ty absolutni cisla vypadaj desive, ale kdyz to porovnas, kolik se vydava na tu infrastrukturu ted, plus velkou cast infrastruktury musi obmenovat tak nebo tak (konec zivotnovsi), zaroven fosilni paliva maj giganticky externality (zivotni prostredi, zdravi, klima zmena etc), taky jsou fosilni paliva globalne jedny z nejdotovanejsich odvetvi. kdyz se to poscita, tak to zas tak sileny neni, kdyz to kompenzujes hospodarskym rustem, tak imho vubec k zadnymu propadu prijmu dojit nemusi.

Six characteristics that define net zero | McKinsey
https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/six-characteristics-define-the-net-zero-transition

Ono urcite uz budou existovat priklady, kde se da kouknout, jak to vypada v praxi. Par zemi uz existuje, kteyr net-zero jsou, ale predpokldam, ze to jsou predevsim ty, kde byly dobry podminky, tak asi nejsou uplne vhodny.

Nicmene treba Finsko chce bejt uhlikove neutralni do roku 2035 a potom dokonce carbon negative. Zatim cile celkem zvladaj a zivotni uroven nejen, ze neklesa, ale roste...
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/06/finland-carbon-neutral-2035-goals/

Finland: disposable income per capita | Statista
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1273185/disposable-income-per-capita-finland/

Starsi ale zajimavy

Russian Energy in a Changing World
What is the Outlook for the Hydrocarbons Superpower?

Description
For a long time Russia’s position as a key global energy player has enhanced Moscow’s international economic and political influence whilst causing concern amongst other states fearful of becoming too dependent on Russia as an energy supplier. The Global Financial Crisis shook this established image of Russia as an indispensable energy superpower, immune to negative external influences and revealed the full extent of Russia’s dependence on oil and gas for economic and political influence. This led to calls from within the country for a new approach where energy resources were no longer regarded wholly as an asset, but also a potential curse resulting in an over reliance on one sector thwarting modernization of the economy and the country as a whole. In this fascinating and timely volume leading Russian and Western scholars examine various aspects of Russian energy policy and the opportunities and constraints that influence the choices made by the country’s energy decision makers. Contributors focus on Russia’s energy relations with the rest of the world alongside internal debates about the need for diversification and modernisation in a changing economy, country and world system where overdependence on energy commodities has become a key concern for customer and supplier alike.

Russian Energy in a Changing World: What is the Outlook for the Hydroc
https://www.routledge.com/Russian-Energy-in-a-Changing-World-What-is-the-Outlook-for-the-Hydrocarbons-Superpower/Godzimirski/p/book/9781138279780

Zajimavej kratkej paper o historii klimatickyho vyzkumu v Cine #China #Cina

Another scientist who shared this view of China’s
climate as being related to global long-term cycles and
a recent warming trend was Tu Changwang (1906–1962).
Tu, at the request of Zhu Kezhen, returned to China from
studying in the UK in the 1930s and became a leading
figure in Chinese meteorological research. In a particularly
noteworthy article in the People’s Daily in January 1961
entitled “On the issue of climate change in the twentieth
century” (关于二十世纪气候变暖的问题), Tu underscored
the fact that international meteorologists had calculated
that the annual average temperature of the earth rose
by 0.33 degrees between 1910 and 1940. He subsequently
issued an early warning to the leadership about the risk
of potential negative effects of continued climate change.7
In many respects, Tu Changwang became one of the most
influential scientists in the field through his mentoring of
a group of meteorologists and atmospheric physicists that
became a core of the climate science community in China
in the late twentieth century.8

https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/sites/default/files/2023-03/OP09_ErikBaark.pdf

TUHO: A btw taky to byl prvni clovek, ktery navrhoval geoinzenyring

Budyko:
My booklet with a description of this problem was published in 1972. I mentioned a number of practical problems and presented ideas of what we could do and what we could not do. 1972 — almost 20 years ago — my conclusion was that data included in this booklet are not sufficient to decide a big economical problem now. But they are sufficient to determine how long we can wait before such a decision will be done. I concluded that we had approximately 10-20 years.

Weart:
Which is now.

Budyko:
And if in ten years this problem will not dissolve, the consequences can be grave. It was not very different from the real history of the problem because in tem years understanding was incomparable with the beginning of the 70's. But until now we have a big problem, and till now I have a painful feeling that I know much more than is accepted and taken into account now. I think the history is now repeating, in less dramatic form, but all the same it is repeating. Understand that to be an inventor, to present new ideas; it is not a big pleasure. It is lot of negative feelings, and frankly speaking I am a bit tired of such activities. That is the reason I am now interested more in the origin of man, as I mentioned to you, and why in a short time a historical book written by me will be published.

Weart:
I am interested in your specific suggestion of sending planes up to spread sulphur in the upper atmosphere. Can you tell me where this idea came from?

In February 2023, Antarctic sea ice set a record minimum; there have now been three record-breaking low sea ice summers in seven years. Following the summer minimum, circumpolar Antarctic sea ice coverage remained exceptionally low during the autumn and winter advance, leading to the largest negative areal extent anomalies observed over the satellite era. Here, we show the confluence of Southern Ocean subsurface warming and record minima and suggest that ocean warming has played a role in pushing Antarctic sea ice into a new low-extent state. In addition, this new state exhibits different seasonal persistence characteristics, suggesting that the underlying processes controlling Antarctic sea ice coverage may have altered.

Record low Antarctic sea ice coverage indicates a new sea ice state | Communications Earth & Environment
https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-023-00961-9

TADEAS: dobrej rozhodvor, anderson do rockstroma celkem subtilne šíje, ale kdyz si to tak clovek prelozi, tak to je fakt takovej hodne sofistikovanej zpusob v podstate vedomyho denialu (od rockstromma) - nebudu radsi rikat, jaky klicky (negativni emise) v tech modelech jsou, protoze uz tak jsou nase aspirace uplne na hrane (i s tema klickama), takze let's hope for the best a nemysleme moc na realnou situaci



28:10 voluntary carbon schemes - "we really need to invest in nature, but we cannot use these sinks as offsets"

31:40 "we have failed so much, kicking the can down the road for so many decades, that the carbon budget can only exist thanks to assumptions of negative carbon emissions technologies"


rockstrom: rapidni snizovani emisi je dve procenta rocne, udrzeni 1.5 stupne je okolo 7 procent rocne, a udrzeni 1.5 bez CCS technologii je pres 10-15 procent rocne, coz by znamenalo totalni civilizacni marshalluv plan

Johan Rockström interview | Planetary boundaries, 'negative emissions', mitigation models & fairness
https://youtu.be/lLq8e73-FAw?si=ltNE7wE4dx4_IHhz


In this wide-ranging conversation with Kevin Anderson, recorded in Norway in March 2023, they discuss their respective views on the risks and challenges we face in delivering on our Paris climate commitments.

CONTENTS:
00:00 Introductions
01:05 Outlining the planetary boundary & tipping points framework
05:14 How long before we see tipping points occurring?
10:00 Climate impacts this century
17:45 Understanding the conservatism of the IPCC process
24:20 Integrated Assessment Models: do they rely too much on CO2 removal?
28:58 Is the promise of future 'carbon dioxide removal' undermining emission reductions?
37:06 How ready to deploy are 'negative emissions technologies' really?
40:39 Where is equity in Integrated Assessment Models?
46:36 Privileged scientists in wealthy countries have framed the mitigation agenda
49:15 Is change driven top-down or bottom-up?
52:21 The role for citizens' assemblies in guiding mitigation policy
56:39 Is academia biased towards the status quo, rather than real action on climate

btw si zase trochu procitam ze stranky "the discovery of global warming" od spencera wearta (ta stranka je naprostej poklad, doporucuju vsem se zajmem o problematiku obcas si tam zabrouzdat)". Rok 1971

By 1971, the risks to climate were under vigorous discussion in the small community of climate scientists. When Budyko presided over a large meeting in Leningrad, a rare occasion when most of the leading American, Western European and Soviet experts all met together, he put the issue to them forcefully. At the conclusion of the conference, where the organizer would traditionally sum up with some bland remarks, "Instead of general words," Budyko recalled, "I presented in short form an idea which proved to be absolutely unacceptable to everybody: the idea that global warming is unavoidable... The result was a sensation. Everybody had very strong feelings, and extremely unfavorable... A few very prominent men said, first, that it was absolutely impossible to have any [effect] of man's activity on the climate... And absolutely impossible to predict any climate change."(78) It was not pleasant, Budyko later recalled, to present unconventional ideas and provoke negative feelings, but the risk to the planet seemed so grave that it was important to provoke scientists to study the question and find whether the ideas were valid.(79)
Budyko was not alone in his concerns. They were taken up in an influential report (the "SMIC report") as the consensus of a major scientific meeting held in Stockholm that same year, 1971. The experts concluded that there was a possibility that a mere 2% increase or decrease of solar radiation, helped by albedo feedback, could leave the planet either totally ice-free or totally frozen.(80*) Budyko, Sellers, and others pressed ahead, finding that under a variety of simple assumptions, any model that gave a good representation of the Earth's present climate looked unstable and could just as easily produce a radically different climate.(81*) In 1972, Budyko calculated that a mere few tenths of a percent increase in solar radiation input could melt the ice caps. More important still, changing the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere would have an effect similar to changing the Sun's radiation. His model indicated that a 50% increase in CO2 would melt all the polar ice, whereas reduction of the gas by half "can lead to a complete glaciation of the Earth." Budyko went on to note that any changes in CO2 caused by natural geological processes had been overtaken by human activity. At some time "comparatively soon (probably not later than a hundred years)... a substantial rise in air temperature will take place." He offered a crude estimate (which would turn out to be not far off) that by 2020 global temperature would rise 1°C and the Arctic Ocean's summer ice would be reduced by half.(82)

Simple Models of Climate
https://history.aip.org/climate/simple.htm#M_62_